May 5 — Saint Pius the Fifth, Pope. ♦

We have already met with the names of several Pontiffs on the Paschal Calendar. They form a brilliant constellation around our Risen Jesus, who, during the period between his Resurrection and Ascension, gave to Peter, their predecessor, the Keys of the kingdom of heaven. Anicetus, Soter, Caius, Cletus and Marcellinus, held in their hands the palm of martyrdom : Leo was the only one that did not shed his blood in the cause of his Divine Master. To-day, there comes before us a holy Pope, who governed the Church in these latter times; he is worthy to stand amidst the Easter group of Pontiffs. Like Leo, Pius the Fifth was zealous in combating heresy ; like Leo, he saved his people from the Barbarian yoke.

The whole life of Pius the Fifth was a combat. His Pontificate fell during those troubled times, when Protestantism was leading whole countries into apostacy. Italy was not a prey that could be taken by violence : artifice was therefore used, in order to undermine the Apostolic See, and thus envelop the whole Christian world in the darkness of heresy. Pius, with untiring devotedness, defended the Peninsula from the danger that threatened her. Even before he was raised to the Papal Throne, he frequently exposed his life by his _zeal in opposing the preaching of false doctrines. Like Peter the Martyr, he braved every danger, and was the dread of the emissaries of heresy. Placed upon the Chair of Peter, he kept the innovators in check by fear, he roused the sovereigns of Italy to energy, and by measures of moderate severity, he drove back beyond the Alps the torrent, that would have swept Christianity from Europe, had not the Southern States thus opposed it. From that time forward, Protestantism has never made any further progress : it has been wearing itself out by intestine anarchy of doctrines. We repeat it : this heresy would have laid all Europe waste, had it not been for the vigilance of the Pastor, who animated the defenders of Truth to resist it where it already existed, and who set himself as a wall of brass against its invasion in the country where he himself was the Master.

Another enemy, taking advantage of the confusion caused in the West by Protestantism, organised an expedition against Europe. Italy was to be its first prey. The Ottoman fleet started from the Bosphorus. Here again, there would have been the ruin of Christendom, but for the energy of the Roman Pontiff our Saint. He gave the alarm, and called the Christian Princes to arms. Germany and France, torn by domestic factions that had been caused by heresy, turned a deaf ear to the call. Spain alone, together with Venice and the little Papal fleet, answered the Pontiffs summons. The Cross and Crescent were soon face to face in the Gulf of Lepanto. The prayers of Pius the Fifth decided the victory in favour of the Christians, whose forces were much inferior to those of the Turks. We shall have to return to this important event when we come to the Feast of the Rosary, in October. But we cannot omit mentioning, to-day, the prediction uttered by the holy Pope, on the evening of the great day of October 7th, 1 571. The battle between the Christian and Turkish fleets lasted from six o'clock in the morning till late in the afternoon. Towards evening, the Pontiff suddenly looked up towards heaven, and gazed upon it, in silence, for a few seconds. Then turning to his attendants, he exclaimed : " Let us give thanks to God ! The Christians have gained the victory !" The news soon arrived at Rome ; and thus, Europe once more owed her salvation to a Pope ! The defeat at L'epanto was a blow to the Ottoman Empire, from which it has never recovered : its fall dates from that glorious day.

The zeal of this holy Pope for the reformation of Christian morals, his establishing the observance of the laws of discipline prescribed by the Council of Trent, and his publishing the new Breviary and Missal, — have made his six years' Pontificate to be one of the richest periods of the Church's history. Protestants themselves have frequently expressed their admiration of this vigorous opponent of the so-called Reformation. "I am surprised," said Bacon, "that the Church of Rome has not yet €t canonised this great man." Pius the Fifth did not receive this honour till about a hundred and thirty years after his death; — so impartial is the Church, when she has to adjudicate this highest of earthly honours even to her most revered Pastors !

Of the many miracles which attested the merits of this holy Pontiff, even during his life, we select the two following. As he was one day crossing the Vatican piazza, which is on the site of the ancient Circus of Nero, he was overcome with a sentiment of enthusiasm for the glory and courage of the Martyrs, who had suffered on that very spot, in the first Persecution. Stooping down, he took up a handful of dust from the hallowed ground, which had been trodden by so many generations of the Christian people since the peace of Constantine. He put the dust into a cloth, which the Ambassador of Poland, who was with him, held out to receive it. When the Ambassador opened the cloth, after returning to his house, he found it all saturated with blood, as fresh as though it had been that moment shed : the dust bad disappeared. The faith of the Pontiff had evoked the blood of the Martyrs, which thus gave testimony, against the heretics, that the Roman Church, in the 16th Century, was identically the same as that for which those brave heroes and heroines laid down their lives in the days of Nero.

The heretics attempted, more than once, to destroy a life, which baffled all their hopes of perverting the Faith of Italy. By a base and sacrilegious stratagem, aided as it was by an odious treachery, they put a deadly poison on the feet of the Crucifix, which the Saint kept in his Oratory, and which he was frequently seen to kiss with great devotion. In the fervour of prayer, Pius was about to give this mark of love to the image of his Crucified Master, — when suddenly the feet of the Crucifix detached themselves from the Cross, and eluded the proffered kiss of the venerable old man. The Pontiff at once saw through the plot, whereby his enemies would fain have turned the life-giving Tree into an instrument of death.

In order to encourage the Faithful to follow the sacred Liturgy, we will select another interesting example from the life of this great Saint. When, lying on his bed of death, and just before breathing his last, he took a parting look at the Church on earth, which he was leaving for that of Heaven. He wished to address a final prayer for the Flock which he knew was surrounded by danger ; he therefore recited, but with a voice that was scarcely audible, the following stanza of the Paschal Hymn : " We " beseech thee, O Creator of all things ! that, in these w days of Paschal joy, thou defend thy people from " every assault of death ! " 1

Let us now read the eulogy of this Saintly Pope of modern times, as given in the Divine Office.

Pius was horn at Bosco, a town in Lombardy, though his parents were the Ghisleri, a noble family at Bologna. He entered the Order of the Friars Preachers, when he was fourteen years of age. He was remarkable for his patience, deep humility, great mortifications, love of prayer and religious discipline, and most ardent zeal for God's honour. He applied himself to the study of Philosophy and Theology, and with so much success, that, for many years, he taught them in a manner that gained him universal praise. He preached the word of God in many places, and produced much fruit. For a long period, he held with dauntless courage the office of Inquisitor; and, at the risk of his life, preserved many -cities from the then prevalent heresy.

Pius in oppido Insubriae, quod Boscum vocant, natus, sed e Bononia oriundus ex nobili Ghisleriorum familia, cum quatuordecim esset annorum, Ordinem Prsedicatorum ingressus est JErat in eo admirabilis patientia, profunda humilitas, summa vitse austeritas, continuum orationis studium, et regularis observantise, ac divini honoris ardentissimus zelus. Philosophise vero, ac Theologies incumbers, adeo in iis excelluit, ut illas docendi munus magna cum laude per multos annos exercuent. Sacras conciones pluribus in locis cum ingenti auditorum fructu habuit. Inquisitionis officium inviolabili animi fortitudine diu sustinuit, multasque civitates, non sine vitae discrimine, ab haeresi tunc grassante immunes servavit.

1 The Stanza recited by the dying Pontiff, was, in the Breviary of his time, as follows :

Qusesnmus, Auctor omnium. In hoc Paschali gaudio, Ab omni mortis impetu Tuum defende populum.

When the Hymns were corrected, under the pontificate of Urban the Eighth, this stanza was totally changed s ut 8%8 perenne mentikus, &c. [The Monastic Breviary has retained the original.

— TR.]

A Paulo Quarto, cui ob Paul the Fourth, who es- eximias virtutes charissi- teemed and loved him on mus erat, ad Nepesinum et account of his great virtues,

{Sutrinum Episcopatum pro- made him bishop of Nepi and motus, et post biennium, Sutri, and, two years later, inter Romanae Ecclesiae numbered him among the

Presbyteros Cardinales ad' Cardinal Priests of the Roman scriptusfuit TumadJEccle- Church. Having been trans- siam Montis Regalis in Sub- lated by Pius the Fourth to alpinis a Pio Quarto trans- the Church of Mendovi, in latus, cum plures in earn Piedmont, and finding that set, totam dicecesim lustra- he made a visitation of the vit; rebusque compositis, whole diocese. Having put

Romam reversus, gravis- all things in order, he re- simis expediendis negotiis turned to Rome, where he was applicatus, quod justum intrusted with matters of the erat apostolica libertate, et gravest importance ; all of coustantia decernebat. Mor- which he transacted with an tuo autem Pio, prater om- apostolic impartiality and nium exspectationem elec- firmness. At the death of tus Pontifex, nihil in vitae Pius the Fourth, he was, con- ratione, excepto exteriori trary to everyone's expecta- habitu, immutavit. Fuit in tion, chosen Pope. With the eo religionis propagandas exception of his outward garb, perpetuum studium, in he changed nothing of his

Ecclesiastica disciplina re- manner of life. The following stituenda indefessus labor, are the virtues in which he in extirpandis erroribus as- excelled : unremitting zeal sidua vigilantia, in suble- for the propagation of the ^ vandis egentium necessi- Faith, untiring efforts for the tatibus indeficiens benefi- restoration of Ecclesiastical centia, in Sedis Apostolicae discipline, assiduous vigi- juribus vindicandls robur lance in extirpating error, un- mvictum. failing charity in relieving the necessities of the poor, and invincible courage in vindicating the rights of the Apostolic See.

Selimum Turcarum ty- A powerful fleet having been rannum multis elatum vie- equipped, at Lepanto, against toriis, ingenti comparata Selimus, the emperor of the classe, ad Echinades insulas, Turks, who was flushed with non tarn armis, quam fusis the many victories he had ad Deum precious devicit. gained,— the Pontiff won the

Quam victoriam ea ipsa battle, not so much by arms hora, qua obtenta fuit, as by prayers. He, by a abusus i: many abuses had crept in,

MAY 5. ST* PIl divine revelation, knew of the victory the moment it was won, and announced it to his household. Whilst engaged in preparing a new expedition against the Turks, he fell dangerously ill. He suffered the most excruciating pains with exceeding great patience. When his last hour approached, he received the Sacraments, according to the Christian practice, and most calmly breathed forth his soul into God's hands in the year 1572, and in the sixtyeighth year of his age, after a pontificate of six years, three months, and twenty-four days. His body is honoured by the devout veneration of the Faithful ; it lies in the Church of Saint Mary Major. Through his intercession, many miracles have been wrought by God ; which being authentically proved, he was canonised by Pope Clement the Eleventh.

Deo revelante, cognovit, suisque familiaribus indicavit. Dum vero novam in ipsos Turcas expeditionem moliretur, in gravem morbum incidit ; et acerbissimis doloribus patientissime toleratis, ad extrema deveniens, cum Sacramenta de more suscepisset, animam Deo placid issirae reddidit, anno millesimo quingentesimo septuagesimo secundo, setatis suae sexagesimo octavo ; cum sedisset annos sex, menses tres, dies viginti quatuor. Corpus ejus in Basilica sanctse Mariae ad Prsesepe summa fidelium veneratione colitur, multis a Deo ejus intercessione patratis miraculis. Quibus rite probatis, a Clemente Undecimo, Pontifice Maximo, Sanctorum numero adscriptus est.

St. Pius is one of the leading glories of the Dominican Order. We find the following Responsories and Hymns in the Breviary of that Order

RESPONSORIES.

R7. Whilst this new Moses I?. Dum novus hie Moyses was praying to God on the in colle pansis manibus mount, with hands extended, Deum precabatur, ad Nau- the perfidious Amalec, Israel's nactum Amalec Israeli per- foe, was put to flight on the fidus rnari profligatur : * gulf of Lepanto, * And the Partaque victoria Pio reve- victory was revealed to Pius, latur. Alleluia. Alleluia. f. Dam extendit virgam Rosarii, demerguntur hostes nefariL * Partaque victoria Pio revelatur. Alleluia.

"f. Whilst he stretched forth the rod of the Rosary, the wicked enemies were drowned in the sea. * And the victory was revealed to Pius. Alleluia.

R?. Ad ceram Agni candidi, a Pio beuedicti, captant salutem languidi : reailiunt piroboli : * Sclopos evadunt ictL Alleluia.

"f* Dat farinis incrementa, sedat ignium tormenta : tranquillantur maria. * Sclopos evadunt ictL Alleluia.

R?. The white waxen Lambs, that were blessed by Pius, gave health to the sick : the bullets that were fired, rebounded: * They that were shot at, escaped injury. Alleluia. y. They multiplied flour, they quenched fire, they calmed the sea. * They that were shot at, escaped injury. Alleluia.

19. Priscos agones martyrum ostentans Romanorum, ingens edit miraculum : * In turba populorum, Alleluia. fl. Oratori Christiano dans e campo Vaticano cruentatos pulveres. * In turba populorum. Alleluia. ty. To show the ancient combats of the Martyrs of Rome, he works a great miracle : * Before a crowd of people. Alleluia. f. He gives to a Christian Ambassador some dust im-

Sregnated with blood, which e took up from the Vatican ground. * Before a crowd of people. Alleluia.

I^. Christi plantas osculari fixas cruci gestiit ; sed pro vita sui chari pedes ista retrahit : * Toxico imbutis dari oscula prohibuit. Alleluia.

% Absit mihi gloriari, absit oscula venari, nisi in cruce Domini : * Toxico imbutis dari oscula prohibuit. Alleluia. ty. He wished to kiss the feet of Christ fastened to the Cross ; but the feet withdrew, that the life of Christ's dear servant might be saved : * They were covered with poison, and would not be kissed. Alleluia. f. God forbid that I should glory, God forbid that I should, seek to imprint my kisses, save in the Cross of my Lord. * They were covered with poison, and would not be kissed.

HYMN.

Let our sweet organs give forth their glad sound in honour of blessed Pius ! Let the joys of this sacred day dispel all dismal storms.

His name in baptism was Michael, and he conquered the devil in battle : he took the name of Pius, and repressed the impious foe.

He was the firm shield against the dangers that attacked the Church : he was the strong sword that mowed down the ranks of the heretics.

He was the zealous Phinees who stood for the defence of the Holy City, that he might protect the Faithful from the scimitar of the Turks.

His strenuous care redisciplined morals ; and to impious errors he opposed a barrier of restraint.

Pius had too generous a heart to hide his wealth in a napkin ; he threw open his whole treasury, that he might relieve the necessities of his people.

Kind father of the poor, with his hands ever pouring forth charity, he fed and amply provided for his subjects when suffering famine.

We beseech thee, O Creator of all things ! that, in these days of Paschal joy, thou defend thy people from every assault of death. Amen.

Pio beato jubilos Canora pangant organa : Nimbosque pel lan t nubilos Sacrae diei gaudia.

Hie Michael certamine Fregit draconis impetum : Piique sumpto nomine, Hostem repressit impium.

Ecclesiae pericula Umbbne firmo depulit : Sectariorum spicula Mucrone forti messult.

Zelosus iste Phinees Sacris stetit pro uicenibus, Ut barbaros acinaces Arceret a fidelibus.

Hie disciplinam moribus Cura revexit sedula ; Et impiis erroribus Objecit hie repagula.

Pii talenta largitas Non vinxit in sudario Necessitates publicas Toto juvans eerario.

Pater benignus pauperum

Manus habens tornatiles, Pavit greges famelicos Effusione munerum. Qusesumus auctor omnium,

In hoc paschali gaudio, Ab omni mortis impetu Tuum defende populum. Amen,

The following hymn is placed near the tomb of our Saint, in the Church of Saint Mary Major, for the use of those who visit his Shrine.

HYMN.

Belli tumultus ingruit, Cultus Dei contemnitur : Ultrixque culpam persequens,

Jam poena terris imminet. Quern nos, in hoc discrimine,

Ccelestium de sedibus Praesentiorem vindicem, Quam te, Pie, invocabimus?

Nemo, beate Pontifex, Intensiore robore Quam tu, superni nu minis Promovit in terris decus ;

Ausisve fortioribus Avertit a cervicibus, Quod christianis gentibus Juguin parabant barbari.

Majora qui ccelo potes, Tu supplices nunc aspice : Tu civium discordias Compesce et iras hostium.

Precante te, pax aurea Terras revisat, ut Deo Tuti queamus reddere Mox laetiora cantica.

Tibi, beata Trinitas, Uni Deo sit gloria, Laus et potestas omnia Per saeculoruin saecula. Anieii.

The scourge of war is on us, for the worship of God is despised : the chastisement that avenges guilt is menacing our earth.

In this peril, which of the heavenly citizens can we invoke in our defence, better than thee, O Pius?

O blessed Pontiff ! no mortal ever laboured with such zealous vigour topromote God's glory on earth as thou didst :

No mortal ever struggled, as thou didst, to free Christian lands from the yoke which barbarians were seeking to put upon them.

Thy power is greater now that thou art in heaven : — look upon us thy clients! Keep civil discord down, and repel our enemies.

May thy prayers bring golden Peace upon the earth ; that, being in calm security, we may sing our canticles to God with a gladder heart.

To thee, O Blessed Trinity, one God, be glory, praise and power, for ever and ever Amen.

Pontiff of the living God ! thou wast, whilst on earth, the pillar of iron and wall of brass, spoken of by the Prophet Thine unflinching firmness

Jerem. i. 18. preserved the flock intrusted to thee from the violence and snares of its many enemies. Far from desponding at the sight of the dangers, thy courage redoubled, just as men raise the embankments higher, when they see the torrent swell. By thee was the spread of Heresy checked ; by thee was the Mussulman invasion repelled, and the haughty Crescent humbled. God honoured thee, by choosing thee as the avenger of his glory, aud the deliverer of the Christian people : receive our thanks, and the homage of our humble praise ! By thee were repaired the injuries done to the Church during a period of unusual trial. The true reform, — the reform that is wrought by authority,— was vigorously applied by thy strong and holy hand. To thee is due the restoration of the Divine. Service, by the publication of the Books of holy Liturgy. And all these glorious deeds were done in the six short years of thy laborious Pontificate!

Hear, now, the prayers addressed to thee by the Church Militant, whose destinies were once in thy hands. When dying, thou didst beseech our Risen Jesus to grant her protection against the dangers which were then threatening her : oh ! see the state to which licentious error has now reduced almost the whole Christian world I The Church has nothing left to her, wherewith to make head against her countless enemies, save the promises of her Divine Founder ; all visible support is withdrawn from her 'r she has been deprived of everything except the merit of sufiering and the power of prayer. Unite, O holy Pontiff, thy prayers to hers, and show how unchanged is thy love of the Flock of Christ. Protect, in Roma the Chair of thy Successor, attacked as it now is by open violence and astute hypocrisy. Princes and Peoples seem to have conspired against God and his Christ : — disconcert the schemes of sacrilegious ambition, and the plots of impiety which would fain

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• give the lie to the word of God. Avert, by thine intercession, the scourges which are threatening Europe, that has become ungrateful to the Church, and indifferent to the attempts made against her to whom they owe all they have. Pray that the blind may see, and the wicked be confounded. Pray that the True Faith may enlighten those numberless souls that call error truth, and darkness light.

In the midst of this dark and menacing night, thine eyes, O holy Pontiff, discern them that are the faithful sheep of Christ: bless them, aid them, increase their number. Ingraft them to the venerable Tree which dieth not, that so they may not be drifted by the storm. Get them docility to the Faith and traditions of holy Church ; it is their only stay amidst the tide of error, which is now threatening to deluge the whole world. Preserve to the Church the holy Order, in which thou wast trained for the high mission destined for thee; keep up within her that race of men, powerful in work and word, zealous for the Faith and sanctification of souls, of which we read in her Annals, and which has yielded Saints such as thyself. And lastly, O Pius, remember that thou wast once the Father of the Faithful : oh ! continue to be so, by thy powerful intercession, till the number of the elect be filled up !