Wednesday after Trinity Sunday

We have not, as yet, reached the Feast of the divine Memorial ; not until the morrow, shall we have it in all its splendour. But, this evening, at first Vespers, the Church will begin her acclamations to the Eternal Priest ; and, although the Sovereign Pontiffs have not ordained that a Vigil, properly so called, shall precede the Feast of Corpus Christy yet have they granted indulgences 1 to a voluntary fast practised on this its eve. Let us now resume the history of the Church's worship of the great mystery.

We have already seen how the unity of the Church is based upon the Eucharist. Our Lord Jesus Christ, in that Sacrament, is the oorner-stone, upon which rises, in the harmony of its several parts, the temple of living stones, built to the glory of God. 8 Jesus is the High Priest, ordained for men, himself being Man, 8 that he may present to God the homage of his Brethren, by offering to his and their Father, a Sacrifice in the name of all. And, although this homage of regenerate mankind, — this Sacrifice, which is the highest expression of that homage, — owes its whole worth to the infinite dignity of him who is the Head of the Churoh, — yet, the Sacrifice is only oomplete, when there is the union of the Members with the Head. The Head must have the Body. The Church is, as

1 Two hundred days, for the fast, or for any other good work substituted for the same, at the discretion of the confessor.

2 Eph. ii. 21. 3 ;Beb. v. I,

VnU AFTER PENTECOST. the Apostle tells us, the fulness, the completion, of Him who is filled in all; 1 the Church perfects the Saorifice, as an integral portion of the Viotim who is offered upon the Altar. What is true of the Church, is true, likewise, of each one of us, who are Members of Christ ; and we are really his Members, provided we be united, in the great Action of the Sacrifice, by that intimate union which mikes one Body of many Members.

Herein consists the social influence of the Eucharist. The human family had been broken up by sin ; it regains its lost unity by the Blood of the Lamb; and the original intention, which God had in oreating the world, is fulfilled. After all other beings, there came forth, out of nothing, the creature man ; he was to give a voice of praise to the whole of oreation ; for his own twofold nature, material and spiritual, made him the compendium of all other creatures. When he was restored by redemption, he regained his position in the glorious ohoir of beings. The Eucharist, the Thanksgiving, the praise by excellence, is the Sweet produce of the human race. The Eucharist, — that grand hymn of divine Wisdom sung to the King of ages, — ascends from this earth of ours, blending the two harmonies into one : the ineffable harmony of the eternal Canticle, — that is, the Word in the Father's bosom, — and the harmony of the new Canticle, which is repeated by the choir of creatures, to the glory of their Creator.

The Ages of Faith lived on this grand truth ; they thoroughly understood the priceless worth of the gift bestowed by the Man-Grod upon his Church. Appreciating the honour thence aooruing to our earth, they felt themselves bound to respond to it, in the name of all creatures, by giving to the celebration of the saored Mystery everything that ritual oould

1 Eph. i. 22, 23. ittpart of grandeur and solemnity. The Liturgy for the Christians of those times was exactly what is implied by the word : it was the public function^ the social act, by excellence ; and, as such, it claimed every sort of external pomp ; and the presence of the whole people round the Altar was looked upon as a matter of course. As to the lawfulness of what ate called Private Masses, it would be easy to prove, by most authentio facts of history, that what the Catholic Church teaches regarding them, was her teaching from the very commencement ; and yet, praotieally, and as a general rule, the riohness of ceremonial, the enthusiasm of sacred chant, the magnifioenoe of saored rites, were, for a long period, re- farded as inseparable from the offering up of the [oly Sacrifice.

The solemnities of divine servioe as celebrated in any Catholic Cathedral, on the greatest Feast in the Tear, is but a feeble image of the magnificent forms of the ancient Liturgies, suoh as we decribed them yesterday. The Church herself, whose desires for what is most perfect never vary, ever evinces a marked predilection for the remnants she has been able to keep up of her ancient forms of worship ; but, as far as the generality of her people is concerned, there can be no doubt of the existence of a growing feeling of indifference for the external pomp wherewith the holy Sacrifice is so deservedly aooompanied ; whatever demonstrations of Christian piety still exist, are directed elsewhere. The cultus of the divine presence in the Eucharist as developed in these our own times, is certainly a blow to the heresy whioh denies that Presence ; it is, too, a joy to every Catholio who loves God ; but, care must be taken, lest a movement, which is so profitable to individual souls, and so redounding to the glory of the holy Sacrament, should be turned, by the craft of the enemy, against the Eucharist itself. Now, this might easily be the case, if, in consequence of each devotion being illregulated, the very primary object of the eucharistio dogma, which is Sacrifice, — were permitted to lose its place, either in the appreciation, or in the practical religion, of the Faithful.

In the admirable connexion existing throughout the whole body of Christian revelation, there can be no such thing as one dogma becoming a danger to another. Every new truth, or every truth presented under a new aspect, is a progress in the Church, and an acquisition for her children. But the progress is then only a true one, when, in its application, the new truth, or its new aspect, is not treated with such prominence, as to throw a more important truth into the shade. Surely, no family would ever count that gain of new property to be a boon, which would jeopardise or lessen the rich patrimony whioh past ages had secured. The principle is a self-evident one ; and must be borne in mind, when studying the different phases of the history of any human society, and especially when the History of the Church is in question. If the Holy Spirit, who is ever urging the Church to what is highest, is incessantly adorning her for the eternal nuptials, and is decking her brow with a gradual increase of light, — yet is it but too often the oase, that the human element of which she partakes through her members, her ohildren, makes its weight tell upon the Bride of Christ. When that happens, she redoubles her maternal solicitude for these her children ; they are too delicate to live on the summits, and bear the bracing atmosphere to which their forefathers were accustomed. She herself continues her aspirations after what is most perfect, and approaches gradually nearer to heaven ; but, for the sake of her weakly children, she quits the mountain paths she loved to tread in better times, for those paths kept her closer to her divine Spouse ; she comes lower down, she is content to lose something of her external charms, she stoops, — that she may the better reaoh the ohildren she has to save. This her condescension is admirable ; but it certainly gives no right to the ohildren, who live in these less healthy times, to think themselves better than their forefathers. Is a sick man better than the one who is in health, because the food, which is indispensable for keeping up the little strength he has, is given to him under new forms, and such as will suit his debilitated frame ?

Because, in these our days, a certain increase of devotion towards the divine Host, who dwells in our tabernaoles, has been observed in some souls, and the external demonstration of this devotion is under a new form, it has been asserted, that " no age ever " equalled our own in the cultus of the Most Holy " Sacrament ! " And because of this holy enthusiasm, our 19th Century, which, with its restless activity, has opened out so many new methods of devotion, has been called, by a oertain writer, " the great age " of the Eucharist ! " Would to God these assertions were correct ! for it is quite true, and history is rioh in bearing testimony to the faot, "that an age is "more or less glorious, according to its devotion " towards the adorable Eucharist." But it is no less true, that if the different Centuries be oom pared with each other for devotion towards the Sacrament of Love, — which, at all times, is the very life of the Church, — there can be no doubt but that (hat ought to be counted as the golden age, in which our Lord's intentions in instituting the divine Mystery were the best understood and carried out, and not that wherein individual devotion was busiest.

Now, leaving aside, for the present, all principles oonnected with dogma, and whioh will find their place more appropriately a few days later, — we have history to bear witness to this fact, that, so long as the western nations kept up their faith and fervour, the Church, who is the faithful and sure interpreter of

TIME AFTER PESTBOOST* her Jefeus' intentions, maintained the discipline observed in the worship practised towards the Eucharist during the early ages. After her twofold victory over the pagan persecutions and the obstinate dogmatism of the Emperors of Byzantium, the Church, the noble depositarian of the New Testament, was in possession of a freedom greater than she has had at any other period ; her children, too, made it their perfection to follow her every wish. Thus free to act as she knew was best, and sure to be obeyed, she kept to the way of eucharistic worship, which her Martyrs had followed, and her Dootora had so enthusiastically developed in their writings: that is, she took the energies of the new children she had received by the conversion of barbarian nations, and centred them in the Sacrifice, that is, in the holy fatigues of solemn Mass, and the Canonical Hours, which are but a natural irradiation of the Sacrifice.

Nothing, in those times, was more catholic,— nothing less individual and private, — than the eucharistic worship thus based on the sooial character which pertains to the Sacrifice. It was the uppermost idea even in such of the Faithful as, through sickness or other personal reasons, were obliged to communicate of the universal Victim, separately from the rest of the people. It was the one leading thought, which made them turn their hearts And their adorations towards the gilded dove, or the ivory tower, in which were conserved, under the mysterious integrity of the Sacrament, the precious remnants of the Sacrifice.

Faith in the real presence, a faith quite as animated And deep as any that oan be witnessed in our own times, was the soul of the whole Liturgy ; it was the basis of the entire system of the Church's rites and oeremonies, all of which are unmeaning, if you take away the catholic dogma of the Eucharist. This dogma was admitted by all the children of the Church as a principle beyond discussion ; it was their dearest treasure ; it was a truth, whieh was both foundationstone and roofing of the House built amongst men by Eternal Wisdom. To a superficial observer it might seem as though the Fiaithf ul of those early ages were less intent upon it than we now are : but is it not always the ease, that the rock which supports the edifice, and the timber which roofs it, call for less solicitude when the building is under no risk, either from the indifference of its inmates, or from the attacks of enemies outside ?

The Church herself cannot grow decrepit ; but it is a law in history, that, even within her fold, and in spite of the vitality she imparts to nations, no society ever maintains itself long at its highest pitch of perfection. Men are like stars in this, that their apogee marks the period of their decline ; they only seem to mount on high, that they may speedily descend : and, after the fullest vigour of age^ we gradually approach the impotency of the old man. So was it to be, with Christendom itself, with that grand confederation which bad been established, by the Church, in the strong unity of unfeigned oharity, and of faith unalloyed by error. The Crusades were, for a second time, rousing the world to holy enterprise ; the preaching of St. Bernard was stirring mankind to zeal for the cause of God. The impulse was so immense, that it seemed as though the event marked the oulminating point of Christ's reign upon earth, and secured perpetuity to the power of the Church. And yet, that was the very period, when old signs of decay returned, and with fresh intensity. The heroic Pontiff, St. Gregory the Seventh, had stemmed the evil for a considerable time ; but, at the period we speak of, a relapse set in, and advanced with its work of ravage, till it brought about the great revolt of the 15th Century, and the general apostasy of nations.

The celebrated prophetess of the Middle Ages, St. Hildegard, was then scanning, with her eagle eye, the miseries of her own day, and the still more sombre threatenings of the future. She that was used to write the messages of God to Pontiffs and Kings, penned these words in a Letter to Werner and his brother Priests of Kircheim, — they had written to Hildegard, and solicited her reply : " It " was whilst lying for a long time on a bed of sick- "ness, in the year of the Lord's Inoarnation, one "thousand one hundred and seventy, that I saw, " wakeful both in body and mind, a most beautiful " image, having a woman's appearance : she was all " perfect in her suavity, and most dear in the charms " of her beauty, which was such, as that the human " mind could in no wise comprehend it. fler stature " was so great, that it reached from earth even up to "heaven. Her face, too, beamed with exceeding " brightness, and her eye was fixed on heaven. She " was clad in a spotless garment, made of white silk. " The mantle which covered her, was adorned with most " precious stones, of emerald, sapphire, and likewise " of beads and pearls. The shoes on her feet were " of onyx. But her faoe was covered with dust, and " her garment was rent on the right side, and her " mantle had lost its elegant beauty, and her shoes " were dimmed. And she with a loud and plaintive " voioe, cried out towards the high heavens : * Hearken, " ' 0 heaven, that my face is defiled ! And wail, O " ' earth, that my garment is rent ! And thou, O " * abyss, tremble, because my shoes are dimmed. " * Foxes have holes, and birds of the air nests ; 1 but I " ' have not helper or comforter, nor staff whereon to " * lean, and whereby to have support.' . . . * They " * that should have adorned me in every way, have, " 6 in all these things, abandoned me. For it is they

1 St Matth. viii. 20,

" 1 that besmear my face, by dragging the Body and " ' Blood of my Spouse into the great uneleanness of " i the impurity of their living, and the great filth of " ' their fornications and adulteries ; and by buying and " * selling holy things, defiling them, as a child would " * be, were he put down in mire before swine. . . . "'The wounds of Christ my Spouse, are contami- " 6 nated.' . . . Princes and a headlong people will " rush upon you, 0 Priests ! They will oast you "forth, and put you to flight, and will take your " riohes away from you. . . . They will say : " * Let us oast out from th$ Church these adulterers, "'and extortioners, and men that are full of all " ' wickedness ! ' And in doing this they will have " it, that they do a servioe unto God, because they "say, that it is by you that the Church is de- " filed. ... By God's permission, many nations " will begin to rage against you in their judgments, " and many people will devise vain things conoern- " ing you, for they will count as nought your priestly

" will assist these in your overthrow, and they will "thirst after the earthly things (you possess) ; and " the Princes in whose dominions you live, shall make " a convention in this one plan, — that they may drive " you out of their territories, because you, by your "most wicked deeds, have driven away the innooent " Lamb from your midst. And I heard a voice from " heaven, saying : ' This image is the Church ! ' "*

What a fearful description of the evils brought upon the Church in the 12th Century ! What a prophecy of its far off results ! These miseries were in keeping with the way in which the august Mystery of the Altar was treated. It has always been so. The disorders of the sanctuary neoessarily brought about relaxation in the people. They grew wearied oonseoration. Kings of the earth

1 £p. lii- of receiving lite heavenly food from hands that were, but too often, unworthy ones. The guests at the banquet of divine Wisdom beoamerare, so rare, indeed, that, in the year 1215, a General Council, the 4th of Lateran, passed the well-known law, whieh obliges, under the severest penalties, the Faithful of Doth sexes to reeeive Communion at least onee in the Tear. The evil became so great, that the legislation of Councils and the genius of Innocent the Third, the last of the great Popes of the Middle Ages, would not have sufficed to arrest it, had not God given to his Church the two Saints, Dominio and Francis: they reclaimed the Priesthood, and, for a time, brought back the people to the practice of Christian piety. But, the ancient forms of the Liturgy had perished during the interval of the crisis.

The oblation in common, which supposed that all communicated in the divine Victim, had given place to private foundations, and to honoraries or stipendium ; in themselves, they were quite lawful, but they had been so considerably increased by the introduction of the mendicant Orders, that a change in the Liturgy was the consequence. Private Masses, for special intentions, were multiplied, in order to satisfy obligations which had been contracted with individual donors; and, by a necessary consequence, the imposing rite of oonoelebration, maintained in Borne till the 13th Century, entirely disappeared in the Western Churoh. The Sacrifice of the Mass was no longer brought before the Faithful with the majestic ceremonial which, in former times, had secured to it a preponderance over the whole religion and Kf e of the Christian people. The holy Eucharist soon began to be given out of the time of Mass, and for reasons which were not always serious ones. More than one scholastic theologian enoouraged the practice. If this soholastic had not true learning on his side, he had his sharp definitions and oategorioal divisions ; and Communion seemed to become, in the minds of some men, a something distinot by itself in the institution of the Eucharist. This was a forerunner of what we so often find practised in our own times :— Communions made isolatedly and furtively on principle, that is, in aooordanoe with an ideal of spirituality, which has a dread of a crowd, and a repugnance to the excitement of the Church's ceremonies !

The notion, then, of the Sacrifice, which inoludes the chief motive of the Presenoe of the Incarnate Word in the Eucharist, was no longer brought before the people with the emphatio pre-eminenoe of former ages. As a counter result of this, the truth of this Presenoe of our God, under the euoharistio species, gained an ascendancy over the soul in a more exclusive, and, therefore, in a more impressive and direct way. It was at this period, that, out of a spirit of holy fear, and from a feeling of respeot, a feeling which oan never be too great, — several anoient usages began to be discontinued. Usages which were established, at first, with a view the better to realise or express the application of the Saorifice, were afterwards suppressed, as exposing the sacred species to involuntary irreverence. It was thus that the custom of giving the chalice to the laity, and communion to infants, fell into disuse.

An immense ritual ohange then was brought about. The Church accepted it, although she was aware of its being, in more than one point, a degeneracy as compared with former ages. The time had oome, when the grand sooial forms of the Liturgy, requiring, as they did, the strong union of Christian nations for the basis, would be but unrealities. The jealous mistrust of States against the Church, — that is, against the power which was the sole bond of mutual union between the several nations, — was ever on the increase, and only waited for an occasion to break

VOL. x. o

TIMB AFTER PKNTEOOST,

'out into open hostility. Diplomacy became 4 syrteto <tf rupttire between one country and another, just as the Church had been the frame? and maintainer of their Union.

If the evil from within was thus greats srtill greater wtete the dangers to whioh the Faithful were exposed by the onslaughts of heresy, A.nd yet, it is precisely in such a time as this* that is most manifested thfe waperhuiftan prttdence of the Ghureh. In defence of that which is the essential dement of her ^existence here belowy-^ in defence, that is, of JFaitb^sihe formed a rampart out of the very ruins <ctu»ed by thfe Ktnrgioal revolution Bhel>ad been compelled to aocepfc ; she sanctioned with her authority wliat was worthy •of ^anoticn, and thereby con tilled the m^Vememt. She took advantage of the increase of devotion to the Eettl Presetfee, which the movement had exdilted ; fibto gave a fresh direction to her liturgy, by subfittittftfettg a ceaseless expression of the dogma, for the less -precise, though not less complete, and far -grander, forme of the earlier period. It was a reply to heresy, all the stronger, because of its being more direct. We «have already seen how, in consequence of the covert attacks of false doctrine there was an evident reason felt, in the 13th Century, for instituting special Feast in honour of 'the Eucharist, fts the Mystery of Faith. That reason beoame sheer necessity, at the 'apfproaeb, foreseen by dod alone, -bf the bold triumph of the saoramentarian heresy, it woe necessary to forestall the attack ; fcnd, by so doing, to render the coming assault less hurtful to <tne christian world, and less injurious to that Lord, who is present in the Sacrament of his love. The means for efficaciously realising these two ends was, the development of exterior devotion to the Heal Presenoe ; the Churoh would thus proclaim her unshaken faith in the dogma, and the adorable Sacra- ment would receive, by the renewed fervour of faithful souls, a compensation for the indifference and insults of others.

Established throughout the world by the authority of the Roman Pontiffs, the Feast of Corpus Chrixti was, therefore, both in itself and in its developments, as we were observing yesterday, the commencement of a new phase in the Catholic worship of the holy Eucharist. Once the Feast was instituted, there followed Processions, Benedictions, Forty- Hours, Expositions, Watchings in adoration ; eaoh of which was an additional affirmation of the Church's belief in the Real Presence ; the piety of her ohildren was i!e-enkindled ; and to that Lord, who, for our sakes, dwells u^er the sacramental speoies, there was offered th^t tribute of homage whioh is so justly his due.

0. Holy Churoh, our Mother, thou Bride of the Son of God, those times are past when thou couldst produoe on this earth, a likeness to the heavenly Jerusalem. Free to follow the inspirations of thy heart as Bride, our anoestors witnessed thy arranging the great Sacrifice with the gorgeous ceremonial, whioh gave them an insight into the grandeurs of the mystery they saw thus oelebrated. That royal magnifioence of ritual would be too muoh for such times as these we live in. The nations of the earth have let themselves be misled : for the glory they once enjoyed, when thou gavest them unity with eaoh other through the unity of the sacred Mysteries, is now exchanged for the dishonour and misery of alliance with the old enemy. Whilst thou, with nothing to fear, and strong in the consciousness of thy rights and thy influence for good, wast beautifying, in peace, the garden of thy Spouse ; whilst thou wast rejoicing in the sweet fragrance of that garden, and in the fruits of the mystic vine ; a strange noise was heard, the noise of the chariots of Aminadab, driven by the hands of thine own children turned traitors. 1 It would have been but a just punishment, hadst thou then left this ungrateful earth, and gone to thy divine Spouse in heaven above. But, O loving Sulamitess, with all this increase of the evils of thine exile, thou gavest ear to the cries of them who willed to be ever thy faithful children ; and thou remainedst for us, dear Mother, that we might receive thy teachings, and thence derive light and life.

We know it : instead of the peaceful grandeurs which thou, beautiful Queen, didst onoe display when thy sovereignty was undisputed ; instead of choirs of exultation and triumph resounding in thy courts, we are to see thee, henceforth, as a warrior, and thy hymns are to be the songs of the camp ; 2 but, how beautiful are thy steps in the armour of thy pilgrimage, 0 thou daughter of the King ! Thou art terrible as an army set in array ; but thou art, too, all sweet and comely, when, laying aside the robe of gold and all the richly varied olothing which decked thee standing at the right hand of the King's throne, thou girdest thyself, like him, with the sword, and pieroest the hearts of his enemies with the arrows of thy truth and zeal. 3

Turning our thoughts, for a moment, to the Greek Churoh, how different is the speotacle ! She is motionless from the sterility that is in a branch severed from the trunk. She retains, like so many withered leaves, the anoient forms of her liturgy, whioh has indeed an imposing unity, but it is the unity of schism. The very Heresy, which here, in our own country, celebrates its unmeaning Supper in the Cathedrals built by our forefathers, — is it more out of place, than the lifeless Sohism of the East, whioh so scrupulously keeps up the ancient forms, whioh are its condemnation, and makes a parade of

1 Cant. vi. 11, 12. 2 Ibid. vii. 1.2. 3 Pi. xliv.6.

Vestments which sit so awkwardly on rebels P What life oan the members of such a Church derive from these dead forms of worship ?

No ; she alone is Mother, who knows how to meet the wants of her children, for her affection tells her not to give to delicate ones the food that suits the strong. She alone is the Bride of the Lamb, who has the instinctive talent of making, in each period of time, the most of the treasure of her Spouse, the priceless Pearl he has committed to her care ; and to this end, she hesitates not to modify, if need be, her dearest praotioes, her most cherished schemes for good ; yea, and ohauges the delights and grandeurs of her queenly supremacy for the hard work of battling with the enemy of her Lord and her children.

We recognise thee, 0 Bride of Christ, by this mark, that thou now lispest with us who are weak, thou that, heretofore, didst sing so divinely with the strong ; and that thou, who so long enjoy edst the peace and oompany of thy Spouse, art as ready and as powerful to meet and vanquish his enemies, now that they are filling his world. Thus struggling, thus labouring, and, in both, misunderstood, — misunderstood and blamed by an ever-increasing number of ungrateful children, — thou wilt not abandon them, but remainest, that thou mayst carry to the last of the eleot the sacred Host, which is to unite him with the great Saorifice. Affectionate and generous Mother ! we will follow thee in thy militant career ; through the laborious passes of the steep road which leads thee to thy eternal rest ; we will follow thee, because thou bearest with thee the treasure of the world. The bolder the attacks of heresy, and the more insulting the neglect or blasphemies of ungrateful children, — the louder shall be the profession of our faith, the humbler our adorations, the warmer and truer the demonstrations of our love towards the /$aored JJost, l§8 TiHB After pbktec66t.

FIRST VESPERS

OF THE FEAST OF CORPUS CHRIST I.

We have, at last, reached the great Feast, which, since Monday, has kept our minds attentive. Our earth is preparing to acknowledge, by the homage of a solemn triumph, the presence of Christ, its Priest and King, in the sacred Host. Everywhere are the Faithful busy preparing the triumph, which is to be given to it tomorrow. These preparations are inspired by faith and love ; and, whilst they areprogressing, the Church is ushering in the great Feast by the celebration of First Vespers. Tuning her harp to the sublime antiphons of the Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas, she proclaims, in a chant which is worthy of the words, that her Jesus is the eternal Priest according to the order of Melchisedech, and that the divind banquet, he has prepared, brings the children of the Church, around the table of the Lord, like so many young olive plants.

The limits we have been obliged to observe in this work, would require us to exclude all those portions of the Office for the present Feast, at whioh the Faithful generally do not assist. But as this Offioe, which was composed by St. Thomas of Aquin, is one of exceptional beauty, we have resolved to give it in its entirety. The magnificenoe of these Hymns, and Psalms, and Antiphons, and Responsories, — all of which are teeming with genuine Catholic spirit, — will furnish the Faithful with the best materials for contemplation, whereby to enlighten their minds and inflame their hearts, during the whole Ootave. On eaoh of the days of this week, they will be eager to adore that beautiful King of glory, who is going to hold his court in the midst of his people, with no other veil between himself and them, than the light cloud of the sacramental speoies. Puring these happy hours, which love is ingenious enough to steal frpw one's ordinary occupations, let the Faithful prefer tg take, wherewith to give utterance to their sentiments, the formulas whioh the Church herself uses, when singing to her Spouse, in the sacred banquet of hip love ; not only will they there find the poetry, #pc« trine and graoefulness of diction, whioh the Bride ever has at her command, wh^n she addresses her Beloved Jesus, but they will soon learn, by experience, that, like the divine food itself, those approved and saapti* fied formulas suit every soul ; for these formulas of the Church adapt themselves to the several dispositions and degrees of spiritual advancement, and thus become, to each one of her children, the fittest mi warmest expression of every want and desire.

The First Vespers of the Feast of Corpus Chrisii aye exactly the same as the Seqoud, with the siqgle exception of the Magnificat Aotipbon, By tbte Autiphon, 0 guam suavis, the Church deplares jbp us, hepr children, how great is the sweetness of Q»r hovif mi that it is manifested tp us by the sweetness Qf the eucbaristic Bread ; but she also tells us who thev are that taste this sweetness, and derive from it the flnjite of salvation, — they are the souls that are led to the divine banquet by the spiritual hunger of m humble and ardent desire, With such sentiments, let i*s, with the immaculate Mary, magnify the Lord, who exalted the humble, and putteth down the mighty \ the prouq. It is to the humblest of the daughters of Adam, that we are indebted for the Bread of heaven ; it wap formed, in her ohaste womb, by the Holy Ghost, as we shall explain further on ; but, let us, thus early, rejoioe in the thought, that the Feast pf Corpus Christi leads us to Mary, ana bids us give her the tribute of pur gratitude.

ANTIPHON OF THE MAGNIFICAT

0 quam suavis est. Spiritus tuus ! qui ut dulcedinem tuam in filios demonstrares, pane suavis- bearest simo de coelo prsestito esurientes reples bonis, fastidiosos divites dimittens inanes.

Do- 0 how sweet, 0 Lord, is thy mine, Spirit ; for that thou mightest show the sweetness thou for thy children, thou, with a Bread most sweet given from heaven, fillest the hungry with good things, sending away empty the haughty rich.

COLLECT.

Deus qui nobis sub Sa- 0 God, who, under the won- cramento mirabili passionis derful Sacrament, hast left us tuae memoriam reliquisti, a memorial of thy Passion : tribue, qusesumus, ita nos grant us, we beseech thee, so

Corporis et Sanguinis tui to reverence the sacred mys- sacra mysteria venerari, ut teries of thy Body and Blood, redemptionis tuae fructum that, in our souls, we may in nobis jugiter sentiamus. always feel the fruit of thy

Qui vivis. Eedemption. Who livest, etc.

The Octave of Corpus Christi has its privileges ; the only .Octaves which have greater, are the three of the Epiphany, Easter, and Pentecost. It does not admit transferred Feasts : and as to the semi-double Feasts, which may occur on the Calendar, during these eight days, they are merely oommemorated Double Feasts are kept ; hut, no matter what may he the solemnity, a commemoration of Corpus Christi is made on each, at Mass, Lauds, and Vespers. Our solemnity also tells upon all the Hymns of the several Feasts which may he kept during this Octave ; for, if the metre admit it, they conclude with the following doxology, which is the one used at Compline and the Little Hours of tomorrow's Office : 1

1 In the Monastic Kite, it is as follows :

Gloria tibi Domine, Qui natus es de Virgine, Cum Patre et Sancto Spiritu, In sempiterna saecula. Amen.

Glory be to thee, 0 Jesus, Jesu tibi sit gloria, that wast born of the Virgin ! Qui natus es de Virgine, and to the Father, and to the Cum Patre et almo Spiritu,

Holy Spirit, for everlasting In sempiterna saecula. ages.

This continually repeated mention of virginal feoundity, during the feast in honour of the Eucharist, is an affectionate homage paid to the Virgin-Mother. The Church is mindful that the "first blasphemy " against the dogma of the Sacrament of the Altar, "consisted in the denying, — that the eucharistio " Body of Christ was the one born of Mary." 1 Seeing, too, that the later heretics, who denied the Real Presence, have constantly insulted the Mother of that Jesus who resides in the Holy Sacrament, the Church united them together in one and the same formula of confession and praise, when standing before the saored Host. Those early and brave witnesses of the Faith, Saints Ignatius and IrenaBus, did the like ; for, as St. Augustine says : " Christ took flesh from " Mary's flesh ; and it is that very flesh that he gave " us to eat, for our salvation ; and we adore it as the " foot-stool of his feet." (Ps. xcviii. 5). 2

At this evening hour, when Holy Church is proclaiming the adorable Sacrament, let us be imbued with these same sentiments, and offer our love to the sacred Host, whioh, in a few hours, is to be receiving our joyous adorations. We may, for this purpose, make use of the following formula, which has been such a favourite, in so many of our Churches, ever

1 Mgr. Pie, Bishop of Poitiers. Homily given at Issoudun, Sept. 8, 1869. * Enarrat. in Psalm xcviii. 9.

Amen.

Amen.

TIME AFTER PENT/BOOST. sinoe the 14th Century. It used, formerly, to be sung, in Germany and France, during the Elevation, as an appropriate termination to the trisagion ; for, as we find in the best manuscripts, this piece concluded with the same words as the Sanctus, — in exceki*. This kind of liturgical composition went under the name of Tropes, and were much loved by the Faithful of the Middle- Ages ; it is from them that were afterwards suggested our Prose or Sequence.

Ave, verum corpus natum Hail! true Body, bom of

Cuius latus perforatum His side was pierced, and nuxit aqua et sanguine : streamed with Water and

Esto nobis praegustatum Be thou our foretaste (of de Maria Virgme, Vere passum, immolatum in cruce pro homine, man.

Blood. mortis in examine, heaven) when we are strug- gling with death !

O Jesu dulcis!

O Jesu pie !

0 Jesu, Fili Maris© !