36. At the Dedication of a Church

THE SECOND SERMON

How the inner man may become a pure and holy House of Prayer. Of the tradesfolk, that is the wicked thoughts and infirmities, which carry on their business in this temple, and which may, peradventure, be of great use and service to man. What Prayer and Meditation are ; also, of the three things by which man can enter into the Inner Kingdom : true Faith, a right Confession of God, and inner fervent Prayer.

Domus mea9 domus orationis vocabitur. Y house shall be called the house of prayer."

Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Eternal Son of God has faithfully taught us here, what we must do that our hearts may be clean and pure houses of prayer ; for man is really and truly a Holy Temple of God. But all traders must first be driven out of this Temple of God ; that is all the fancies and imaginations which are not really of God ; and also all delight in the creature and in our own will ; therefore this temple must first be cleansed with tears of repentance and the Love of God, that it may be made clean and pure. For all temples are

J Matt. xvi. 13.

not made holy by being simply called the houses of God ; but God only can make them holy. Therefore this Temple of God is a pure clean heart ; and it is truly a Temple of God, where the Eternal God ever dwelleth in truth, when all that is unlike Him has been driven out and cast forth. Therefore I say unto you that God will not take up His abode in a temple which has not thus been cleared. Before a man has one pure thought of God in his heart, a thousand other thoughts enter in, about temporal things, which lead astray these pure thoughts of God and drive them away. It is in this sense that tradesfolk are referred to, and that we are told what they are. Therefore all men, who, of their own free will, live in pleasure, and in the gratification of the creature, are these traders. There is no doubt that the man, who desires that God Himself should dwell in him with His grace, and work His works in him, must especially, and of necessity, avoid all conformity to things that produce love, gratification and delight in the creature, and of which God is not the true Source. Therefore the man who says that ten chances of evil would not be more harmful than one ; that is, that the secret love and friendship of ten men would be no more harmful to him than of one, would be saying a foolish thing ; for it is easier to overcome and drive out one thing than ten. But there is one thing, especially, that ye ought to know ; ten sins which a man looks upon as sins and confesses, are not so serious or so harmful to him as one

3io THE INNER WAY single sin, of which he makes no account and does not look upon as sin, and in which he wickedly continues. Therefore man should always have a truly humble fear before God the Lord, on account of his unknown sins, and should humbly crave the mercy and goodness of God, and look upon himself as full of sin at all times ; and then he will assuredly be helped by God's lovingkindness and grace. But the man who excuses himself, and goes on sinning deliberately, is in great danger of never coming to the Truth. Therefore guard yourselves from this as from eternal death ; for the man who always thinks that all is right and well with him, is in a dangerous and terrible state. If ye were to ask the holiest man on earth if he had wept as much as he ought, he would say : " No, I have not wept a thousandth part of the tears that I ought to have wept. But I will now really begin to weep because of my sins and infirmities."

Now, when the inner temple of man has been cleansed, and the traders have been driven out, that is, when thou hast driven out all that belongs to the creature with all its delights, and which thou hast formerly possessed with comfort, joy and pleasure ; and if thou art not ready of thy own free will to take all back again, nor to possess it with pleasure ; then thou art standing firm in truth and righteousness, and the traders have been driven out of thy temple.

But when wicked traders come into thy temple again, drive them out at once. If they remain there for a time, against thy will and without

CHURCH DEDICATION 3 1 1 thy permission, know, that it will not harm thee at all in the sight of God. For, if they stay there as long as they like, yet they will have to go out again, by the same door by which they entered. And, yet again, if they find any wickedness there, they will have to take it away with them, and purify this noble temple, if they entered in against man's will and without his permission. It cannot harm him, but it purifies, cleanses and prepares him for our Lord, like fine gold, which, the more it is heated by fire, the more precious and the purer it becomes. Thus it happens to the noble man in the reaction after his sufferings, his temptations and the assaults made upon him ; for the im purer, the more wicked and the more terrible they are, the better will he be cleansed and purified. That which takes place in opposition to man's will can never cause sin unto death, but it prepares man for the great reward and enjoyment of eternal life. St Paul says : " For he that striveth is not crowned except he strive lawfully." : He that endureth to the end shall be received with glory and honour. I say unto you, children, that anything done against my own free will, however wicked and impure it may be, cannot stain me, but will rather cleanse and purify me, and prepare me for our Lord and for especial grace. Therefore be of good courage, joyful, and not sad and gloomy, if, at times, wicked unclean thoughts befall you ; how ever bad they may be, heed them not. For, if they come to you, in spite of your will and 1 2 Tim. ii. 5.

3i2 THE INNER WAY desire, let them go again. And if this happens especially in your prayers to God and communion with Him, leave them alone in the name of God, and bear these attacks and all this impurity right joyfully, humbly and resignedly as the Will of God. Know, children, that ye should bear all this humbly as the Will of God ; for it may even happen that some things may be made known and revealed to you therein, which ye would never have known, had ye not passed along this way. But in this reaction and suffering man must not strive to help himself, either with words or deeds, but must rest only in God. He must bear all with a good heart, and must not trouble about it, either outwardly or inwardly. For, when it pleases our Heavenly Father, He can assuredly relieve thee and delight thee a thousand fold with Himself, after all these painful tempta tions. Therefore suffer cheerfully ; do all things simply and in truth ; and then, whatever comes, do not strive to help thyself. He who strives too much to help himself will assuredly lack help from God and from truth ; for to the good man all things come from God without anything of his own, or a striving after his own salvation. Now, dear children, if the inner mind of man is to be God's holy House of Prayer, devotion must form part of prayer. What is devotion ? It is devotio, that is, se vovere Deo, that is, inner communion with God and a longing after Eternity. When thou thus unitest thyself with God, or praisest Him, thou art devout ; that is that wherever thou art, or whatever thou doest, thou must set thy thoughts on God Whose works they are. For it is not very terrible if thou art not always rejoicing and enjoying sweet intercourse, (for this is only as God pleases), so long as thou still hast the essence of devotion. This consists of the inner self-surrender, union and communion of man with God ; this is higher and of more importance than all other works.

Saint Hilary writes of three things by which man must enter into the Inner Kingdom. The first is true faith ; the second is a right confession of God ; and the third is devout and fervent prayer.

Now, what is the faith meant here? for all Christians are not faithful. In the same way that there are many dead men in the church yard, there are many and very different kinds of men, who seemed to be men who had living faith, and who yet in truth did not die, and are not dead in God. Now what is a pure and living faith ? It is nothing less than a living desire for God, which springs forth from within, to God the Lord and to all that is of faith. Thus, when a man sees or hears of anything that pertains to the holy faith, either of the Eternal Godhead or the noble Manhood of our Lord, or of the highly-exalted, noble and glorious Trinity of God, he will find within himself a true and living faith therein, which clearly points out to him what God is, and at the same time makes everything plainer to him than it could be made by any teachers. Such a man lives and moves in the Inner Kingdom, where life verily wells up from its own spring.

Now, unhappily, there are many men who cling, it is true, to the life of faith, but who may be troubled and may lose sight of it by a very small and insignificant cloud. It is just as though the light of the stars were a living and moving thing, which vanished away when a cloud passed over. Thus, in the same way, the cloud of sins may be very small and insignificant, which drives out of man the true light of faith, hiding it and depriving him of it. But, when a cloud of sins passes even over the chosen people of God (for all men are sinful), the Eternal and Divine Sun will force His way through to the lives of these men, so that they will speedily and immediately turn again to their original Source. Because they are rooted in the true garden of God they are quickly brought back ; with good courage they force their way through all the things in which they cannot truly and clearly find God, and they always shun everything through which God could not find an entry into the very ground of their hearts. Therefore, however feebly and faintly man may cling to the life of faith, yet he will be preserved, if he be otherwise found faithful at the last, and would enter into the Kingdom of Heaven ; and, even though he were long delayed, yet he would be on the road to Eternal Life. Still, it is quite possible for such men to fall away into great and grievous sin, because they use ways and means of coming to themselves, that are very dangerous and unsafe ; and therefore they are constantly dwelling in outward things, and become vain, empty, dry, cold, lukewarm, and so strange and unlike themselves, that they are much to be pitied in the sight of God. But living men, who truly live the life of truth, are conscious of this life within ; they know the Inner Life and Truth of God, so that all that is divine which can befall these Friends of God, awakens this Inner Life, with earnest longings, and fervent Divine Love and delight, in the dearly loved Will of God. Now all this means simply, that these men are dwelling in the Inner Kingdom of God ; they are partakers of the hidden Sweetness of God, which is concealed, and must be concealed, from all those who have never truly entered into this Inner Kingdom.

Therefore, the second thing is the true and right confession of God which is found in this Kingdom. It need not be sought afar ; it is to be found in this Kingdom, and reveals itself there. This Light shines therein, and there man truly comes into the Inner Kingdom, through Jesus Christ, Who is the true and rightful Door of entrance, through which men must enter if they are to come to perfection. Thus the saying may truly be used of them : " The Kingdom of God is within you." 1 Here that pure and real Truth is to be found, which is unknown to all men who do not rest on this foundation, and who do not keep themselves free and apart from all creatures in whom God is not all in all. 1 Luke xvii. 21.

Here they find with their understanding that of which St Dionysius wrote and spoke : " What is there that is above all reason, and all thought and all understanding ? The finding of light in Light."

Now, dear children, the Masters in Paris read their big books diligently, and turn over the leaves ; and all this is very good ; but these other men read the true and living Book, wherein all things live. They turn over the Heaven and earth and read therein the surpassing wonders of God. They are before the holy, dear and exalted Angels of God in judgment ; and there fore they first apprehend the highest Mission of the Holy and Exalted Trinity : How God the Father begat and is begetting His Son Jesus Christ throughout eternity ; and how the Eternal Word, in God the Father, eternally reflects His Father's Heart; and how God the Holy Ghost proceeds eternally from the Father and the Son ; and how the Holy Blessed Trinity pour Themselves forth on all Their chosen ones through time and eternity ; and how again They enjoy in Themselves real and eternal blessedness. This is that blessedness of which Jesus Christ, the Son of God has said : " Now this is Eternal Life : that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ Whom Thou hast sent.'* ] Children, this is the true Life in the Inner Temple of God ; and it is the noble, pure and true prize which is set before all the elect Friends of God. There is the High-Priest in his holy blessed 1 John xvii. 3.

Temple, there is the true, pure Presence of God, in Whom all things live and move, and there all suffering is done away.

The man who truly experiences all this, knows well that there can be no doubt about it. All knowledge of it is quite unknown and concealed from the learned teachers of this world ; but the chosen men of God have a full and clear knowledge and understanding of it. Therefore the man who learns most about it in this life, and who comes closest to this foundation, will be nearest to God in eternal life, and there will chiefly be found ; while all such men will be the most blessed. The third thing mentioned by this holy man is devout prayer. This is the uplifting of the mind to God in eternal life, but in another sense. This prayer is the entrance into union of the created spirit with the uncreated Spirit of God, and is the result of a design formed by the holy Godhead throughout eternity. These men are the true worshippers of God, who worship God the Father in spirit and in truth. This true worship is unceasingly demanded of all men by the Heavenly Father, as Jesus Christ said: "These are the true worshippers. They also receive that which they ask of the Heavenly Father, and they always find that which they seek and desire in their prayers, for their prayers are found and lost." The temple is lost here and the spirit, and all that of which we have been speaking. Now, how has all this been brought about ? All has been poured forth into God and has become one spirit with God ; as

St Paul says : " He who is joined to the Lord is one spirit." l What that is and how it comes to pass, it is easier to experience than to describe. All that has been said of it is as poor and unlike it as the point of a needle is to the heavens above. That we may all follow after this in a life of humility, may God help us. Amen.

Three thoughtful Instructions and some useful Advice on Confession

INSTRUCTION I

The first Instruction teaches us to confess, simply and sincerely, and to search out the very depths of our hearts.

P\EAR children, I counsel, admonish and ~ beseech you, that ye learn to confess all your sins, simply and sincerely unto God, and that ye learn to acknowledge that ye are verily and indeed guilty before Him, and that ye ponder over your sins in deep sorrow. Do not set yourselves to make a long outward confession ; for that is of little use, and takes up the valuable time of the Confessors, causing them much trouble and vexation. Children, much talking does not do away with sin ; and, as I have often said before, Confessors have no power over sin. Commune with your own hearts, and there confess your sins ; for external, without internal confession, is of little avail in those things which

1 i Cor. v. 17.

are not sins unto death ; and it is a sign that he who thus confesses neglects that which is within. For, where truth is to be found within, events may even be so far forgotten, that it often be comes impossible to say anything very definite about them ; and we shall be best helped by leaving all to God. I am now referring to daily sins ; from sins unto death may God preserve us !

Now, children, it is very necessary that we should thus practise self-examination ; for man has many a little nook within, which covers up the ground of the heart, and is so overgrown, that it hides the truth from the man himself; so that, though he knows many other things, he does- not really know himself. These sins surely resemble thirty or forty skins or hides, like those of an ox, which cover up the ground, lying one upon another, and so thick and hard that ye can neither confess them nor rid yourselves of them as ye imagine. What are these skins ? They are all those things that thou hast in thy self, that thou thinkest of, and that thou usest, but of which God is neither the true beginning nor the end. They are all idols, images of things, such as self-will, self-pleasing, and the enjoyment of things pertaining to the senses. Man clings to these, as Rachel did to her idols when she sat upon them. Presumption, heedlessness, want of resignation in divine things, all these sins help to form the skins. They should not be all confessed outwardly, but man should examine his own heart about them, and acknowledge them humbly before God, meekly falling down in self-abasement at His Feet. If man will only thus fully acknowledge that he is guilty, all will be well with him ; that is, if he seeks diligently to turn away from them, as far as he is able, with the help of Almighty God.

INSTRUCTION II

The second Instruction gives a short Form for the common Confession of Monks or Nuns, and shows how they may be absolved.

"VTOW we may generally confess our daily sins in these words :

" I am guilty, for I have sinned by foolish thoughts during the seven Hours and in my prayers, when I ought to have occupied myself with good thoughts, but which have been spoilt by my indolence. I have broken the silence with useless words, at times and in places where talking was forbidden. I am guilty of scornful, hasty, unwise words and deeds, of untrue and unkind words, of indolence towards myself and towards God, my Order, my Choir, my Rules, and of disobedience and unthankfulness. I do not love and praise God as I ought ; I do not attend to His warnings ; I do not set my Brother a good example as I ought, in poverty, chastity and obedience. I have not kept all the vows I made to God and to my Order. Of these and many other things I confess I am guilty."

Then ye may ask for absolution, and may think and say :

"Dear Lord, if I could do it and were free, I would seek for absolution, and fetch it, even through frost and snow, through cold and wet. Dear Lord, because I can do nothing more, T beseech thee to give me absolution as thy gift of charity, and to make me a partaker in all the good exercises that have taken place in the House of God, and in all the earth ; and that Thou wilt absolve me from all my sins, through thy Divine and Sacred Wounds, whence all grace flows."

This thou mayest ask for in firm and strong faith and trust in God ; and this will be such a blessing to thee that hereafter thou wilt be able to judge all the world. May we all thus learn to know God, and diligently search out our own hearts by the help of God. Amen.

INSTRUCTION III

The third Instruction shows man how he must take as his Example, the peculiar Attributes and Names assigned to God, and to His Divine Being ; and how, on the other hand, he must bear his own nothingness, and then contemplate the unknown wastes and deserts of the Divine Attributes in quiet seclusion.

"DECAUSE God is a Pure Being and a Waste of calm seclusion, as Moses said : " Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is One Lord," l yea One God, even One God Only, still, some of the special Attributes and divers Names that

1 Deut. vi. 4.

we assign to Him may serve as an example to us, while we compare our nothingness with Him. For, as I have often said, man is apt to think of all things in an earthly way, of our dear Lord's Birth, His Life, His Works and Ways. There fore we must lift up our minds, and learn to soar far above time, in the Eternal Works of the Divine Being. Now man may reflect on these attributes in his mind in a very real way, so that he will be able to see that God is a Pure Being, that all beings are one, and yet that He is none of all these things. In all things that exist, in all that is and has any being, there is God. St Augustine says : " If thou seest a good man, a good Angel, a good Heaven, take away the man, take away the Angel, and take away the Heaven, and then that which remains is the Essence of Goodness, that is God ; for He is in all things and yet far above all things/' All creatures, indeed, have some goodness and love; but they are neither goodness nor love, but God only is the Essence of Goodness, of Love and of all that can be named. Man must compare himself with God, and then sink down with all his powers, with an intense and earnest gaze, that he may receive and renew his own nothingness, and be united with the Divine Being, Who only is the Life, the Soul and the Essence of all things.

Man must consider the attribute of this Oneness of being ; for God is the End of all unity, and in Him all diversities are united, and become one in the One Only Being. His Being is His work, His knowledge, His love, His reward, His mercy and His righteousness, all are one ; therefore go, and carry thereto all thy diversities which are so great and so incomprehensible, that all may be made one in the Oneness of His Being.

Man should also consider God as one who hides Himself; for He is known in all things, as Isaiah saith : " Verily, thou art a hidden God." l He is much nearer than anything is to itself in the depths of the heart, hidden from all our senses and unknown in that heart, into which He forces His way with all His might ; as far above all thy outward thoughts, which are as far from themselves and from thy inner life, as a beast which lives according to its nature, neither knowing, tasting or experiencing any thing. Hide thyself in this secret place from all creatures, and from all that is strange to and unlike that Being. This must not be done in a figurative or imaginary way, but in very deed, with all our strength and desire, in a way which we cannot understand with our natural senses.

Then man must look upon the desire of the Divine attributes in a quiet solitude, where no word is really spoken. All there is so still and mysterious and so desolate ; for there is nothing there but God only, and nothing strange. Neither creature, nor image, nor fancy has ever entered there. This Wilderness was referred to by our Lord, when He spake by the prophet Joel (Hosea) : " I will allure her and lead her into the Wilderness, and I will speak to her heart." : This Wilderness is the quiet Desert of the God- 1 Is. xiv. 15. - Hosea ii. 14.

head, into which He leads all who are to receive this inspiration of God, now or in eternity. Bear thy foolish and barren heart into the Wilderness of the calm and living Godhead, thy heart which is so full of overgrown weeds, bare of all things good, and full of the wild beasts of thy animal nature. Then look upon the Divine Darkness, which is dark from its surpassing brightness to the comprehension of men and of Angels, as the shining of the sun on his course is as darkness to weak eyes. For all created minds compared with the brightness of nature are like the eyes of nightingales or swallows, in the bright sunlight. Men must cast down their eyes in their ignorance and blindness, because they are created beings. Bear thereto thine own deep darkness, robbed of all true light, and let the Abyss of the Divine Darkness only be acknowledged, while all other things remain un known. The Abyss, which is unknown and has no name, is Salvation ; and it is more beloved and entices more souls than all that they can know of Eternal Salvation in the Divine Being. May God bring us to this Salvation ! Amen.

TUKNBULL ANL> SHEARS, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH