Question 40 — Of the Irascible Passions, and First, of Hope and Despair

We must now consider the irascible passions: (1) Hope and despair; (2) Fear and daring; (3) Anger. Under first head there are eight points of inquiry:

(1) Whether hope is the same as desire or cupidity?

• (2) Whether hope is in the apprehensive, or in the appetitive faculty?
• (3) Whether hope is in dumb animals?
• (4) Whether despair is contrary to hope?
• (5) Whether experience is a cause of hope?
• (6) Whether hope abounds in young men and drunkards?
• (7) Concerning the order of hope to love;
• (8) Whether love conduces to action?