Question 69 — The Effects of Baptism

We must now consider the effects of Baptism, concerning which there are ten points of inquiry:

(1) Whether all sins are taken away by Baptism?

• (2) Whether man is freed from all punishment by Baptism?
• (3) Whether Baptism takes away the penalties of sin that belong to this life?
• (4) Whether grace and virtues are bestowed on man by Baptism?
• (5) Of the effects of virtue which are conferred by Baptism?
• (6) Whether even children receive grace and virtues in Baptism?
• (7) Whether Baptism opens the gates of the heavenly kingdom to those who are baptized?
• (8) Whether Baptism produces an equal effect in all who are baptized?
• (9) Whether insincerity hinders the effect of Baptism?
• (10) Whether Baptism takes effect when the insincerity ceases?