Question 22 — Who Can Excommunicate and Be Excommunicated

We must now consider those who can excommunicate or be excommunicated.

Under this head there are six points of inquiry:

(1) Whether every priest can excommunicate?

• (2) Whether one who is not a priest can excommunicate?
• (3) Whether one who is excommunicated or suspended can excommunicate?
• (4) Whether anyone can excommunicate himself, or an equal, or a superior?
• (5) Whether a university can be excommunicated?
• (6) Whether one who is already excommunicated can be excommunicated again?