Question 23 — Communication with Excommunicated Persons

We must now consider communication with those who are excommunicated.

Under this head there are three points of inquiry:

(1) Whether it is lawful to communicate in matters purely corporal with one who is excommunicated?

• (2) Whether one who communicates with an excommunicated person is excommunicated?
• (3) Whether it is always a mortal sin to communicate with an excommunicated person in matters not permitted by law?