Summa Theologiae Part I — First Part Question 001 — Question 1 — The Nature and Extent of Sacred Doctrine 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required? Article 2 — Whether sacred doctrine is a science? Article 3 — Whether sacred doctrine is one science? Article 4 — Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science? Article 5 — Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences? Article 6 — Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom? Article 7 — Whether God is the object of this science? Article 8 — Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument? Article 9 — Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors? Article 10 — Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses? Question 002 — Question 2 — The Existence of God 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the existence of God is self-evident? Article 2 — Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists? Article 3 — Whether God exists? Question 003 — Question 3 — The Simplicity of God 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is a body? Article 2 — Whether God is composed of matter and form? Article 3 — Whether God is the same as his essence or nature? Article 4 — Whether essence and existence are the same in God? Article 5 — Whether God is contained in a genus? Article 6 — Whether in God there are any accidents? Article 7 — Whether God is altogether simple? Article 8 — Whether God enters into the composition of other things? Question 004 — Question 4 — The Perfection of God 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is perfect? Article 2 — Whether the perfections of all things are in God? Article 3 — Whether any creature can be like God? Question 005 — Question 5 — Goodness in General 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether goodness differs really from being? Article 2 — Whether goodness is prior to being in account Article 3 — Whether every being is good? Article 4 — Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause, or of the others? Article 5 — Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order? Article 6 — Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous, the useful and the pleasant? Question 006 — Question 6 — The Goodness of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is good? Article 2 — Whether God is the supreme good? Article 3 — Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone? Article 4 — Whether all things are good by the divine goodness? Question 007 — Question 7 — The Infinity of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is infinite? Article 2 — Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite? Article 3 — Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist? Article 4 — Whether an infinite multitude can exist? Question 008 — Question 8 — The Existence of God in Things 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is in all things? Article 2 — Whether God is everywhere? Article 3 — Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power? Article 4 — Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone? Question 009 — Question 9 — The Immutability of God 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God is altogether immutable? Article 2 — Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone? Question 010 — Question 10 — The Eternity of God 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether this is a good definition of eternity: "eternity is the simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable life"? Article 2 — Whether God is eternal? Article 3 — Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone? Article 4 — Whether eternity differs from time? Article 5 — Whether aeviternity differs from time? Article 6 — Whether there is only one aeviternity? Question 011 — Question 11 — The Unity of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one adds anything to being? Article 2 — Whether one and many are opposed to each other? Article 3 — Whether God is one? Article 4 — Whether God is supremely one? Question 012 — Question 12 — How God is Known by Us 14 chapters Question 013 — Question 13 — The Names of God 13 chapters Question 014 — Question 14 — God’s Knowledge 17 chapters Question 015 — Question 15 — Ideas 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there are ideas? Article 2 — Whether ideas are many? Article 3 — Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows? Question 016 — Question 16 — Truth 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether truth resides only in the intellect? Article 2 — Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing? Article 3 — Whether the true and being are convertible terms? Article 4 — Whether good is logically prior to the true? Article 5 — Whether God is truth? Article 6 — Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true? Article 7 — Whether created truth is eternal? Article 8 — Whether truth is immutable? Question 017 — Question 17 — Falsity 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether falsity exists in things? Article 2 — Whether there is falsity in the senses? Article 3 — Whether falsity is in the intellect? Article 4 — Whether true and false are contraries? Question 018 — Question 18 — The Life of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to live belongs to all natural things? Article 2 — Whether life is an operation? Article 3 — Whether life is properly attributed to God? Article 4 — Whether all things are life in God? Question 019 — Question 19 — The Will of God 13 chapters Question 020 — Question 20 — God’s Love 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether love exists in God? Article 2 — Whether God loves all things? Article 3 — Whether God loves all things equally? Article 4 — Whether God always loves more the better things? Question 021 — Question 21 — The Justice and Mercy of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is justice in God? Article 2 — Whether the justice of God is truth? Article 3 — Whether mercy can be attributed to God? Article 4 — Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice? Question 022 — Question 22 — The Providence of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God? Article 2 — Whether everything is subject to the providence of God? Article 3 — Whether God has immediate providence over everything? Article 4 — Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen? Question 023 — Question 23 — Predestination 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men are predestined by God? Article 2 — Whether predestination places anything in the predestined? Article 3 — Whether God reprobates any man? Article 4 — Whether the predestined are chosen by God? Article 5 — Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination? Article 6 — Whether predestination is certain? Article 7 — Whether the number of the predestined is certain? Article 8 — Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints? Question 024 — Question 24 — The Book of Life 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the book of life is the same as predestination? Article 2 — Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined? Article 3 — Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life? Question 025 — Question 25 — The Power of God 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is power in God? Article 2 — Whether the power of God is infinite? Article 3 — Whether God is omnipotent? Article 4 — Whether God can make the past not to have been? Article 5 — Whether God can do what he does not? Article 6 — Whether God can do better than what he does? Question 026 — Question 26 — Divine Beatitude 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether beatitude belongs to God? Article 2 — Whether God is called blessed in respect of his intellect? Article 3 — Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed? Article 4 — Whether all other beatitude is included in the beatitude of God? Question 027 — Question 27 — The Procession of the Divine Persons 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is procession in God? Article 2 — Whether any procession in God can be called generation? Article 3 — Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word? Article 4 — Whether the procession of love in God is generation? Article 5 — Whether there are more than two processions in God? Question 028 — Question 28 — The Divine Relations 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there are real relations in God? Article 2 — Whether relation in God is the same as his essence? Article 3 — Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other? Article 4 — Whether in God there are only four real relations—paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession? Question 029 — Question 29 — The Divine Persons 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether Boethius' definition of a person is unfitting: "a person is an individual substance of a rational nature"? Article 2 — Whether 'person' is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence? Article 3 — Whether the word ‘person’ should be said of God? Article 4 — Whether this word ‘person’ signifies relation? Question 030 — Question 30 — The Plurality of Persons in God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there are several persons in God? Article 2 — Whether there are more than three persons in God? Article 3 — Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God? Article 4 — Whether this term ‘person’ can be common to the three persons? Question 031 — Question 31 — Unity and Plurality in God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is trinity in God? Article 2 — Whether the Son is other than the Father? Article 3 — Whether the exclusive word ‘alone’ should be added to the essential term in God? Article 4 — Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term, even if the predicate is common? Question 032 — Question 32 — The Knowledge of the Divine Persons 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason? Article 2 — Whether there are notions in God? Article 3 — Whether there are five notions? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions? Question 033 — Question 33 — The Person of the Father 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle of the Son or of the Holy Spirit? Article 2 — Whether this name ‘Father’ is properly the name of a divine person? Article 3 — Whether this name ‘Father’ is applied to God, first as a personal name? Article 4 — Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten? Question 034 — Question 34 — The Person of the Son 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether ‘Word’ in God is a personal name? Article 2 — Whether ‘Word’ is the Son’s proper name? Article 3 — Whether the name ‘Word’ imports relation to creatures? Question 035 — Question 35 — Image 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether 'Image' in God is said personally? Article 2 — Whether the name of 'Image' is proper to the Son? Question 036 — Question 36 — The Person of the Holy Spirit 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether this name 'Holy Spirit' is the proper name of one divine person? Article 2 — Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son? Article 3 — Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son? Article 4 — Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Spirit? Question 037 — Question 37 — The Name ‘Love’ 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether ‘Love’ is the proper name of the Holy Spirit? Article 2 — Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Spirit? Question 038 — Question 38 — The Name ‘Gift’ 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether ‘Gift’ is a personal name? Article 2 — Whether ‘Gift’ is the proper name of the Holy Spirit? Question 039 — Question 39 — The Persons in Relation to the Essence 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in God the essence is the same as the person? Article 2 — Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence? Article 3 — Whether essential names, such as ‘God‘, should be predicated in the singular of the three persons? Article 4 — Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person? Article 5 — Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person? Article 6 — Whether the persons can be predicated of the concrete essential terms? Article 7 — Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons? Article 8 — Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors? Question 040 — Question 40 — Persons Compared to Relations or Properties 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether relation is the same as person? Article 2 — Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations? Article 3 — Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons? Article 4 — Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts? Question 041 — Question 41 — Persons Compared to Notional Acts 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons? Article 2 — Whether the notional acts are voluntary? Article 3 — Whether the notional acts proceed from something? Article 4 — Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts? Article 5 — Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence? Article 6 — Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act? Question 042 — Question 42 — Equality and Likeness among the Divine Persons 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether equality is becoming to the divine persons? Article 2 — Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with his principle, as the Son with the Father? Article 3 — Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature? Article 4 — Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness? Article 5 — Whether the Son is in the Father, and conversely? Article 6 — Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power? Question 043 — Question 43 — The Mission of the Divine Persons 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a divine person can be properly sent? Article 2 — Whether mission can be eternal? Article 3 — Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace? Article 4 — Whether the Father can also be fittingly sent? Article 5 — Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly? Article 6 — Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate in grace? Article 7 — Whether it is fitting for the Holy Spirit to be sent visibly? Article 8 — Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence he proceeds eternally? Question 044 — Question 44 — The Procession of Creatures from God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God? Article 2 — Whether primary matter is created by God? Article 3 — Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God? Article 4 — Whether God is the final cause of all things? Question 045 — Question 45 — Creation 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to create is to make something from nothing? Article 2 — Whether God can create anything? Article 3 — Whether creation is anything in the creature? Article 4 — Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things? Article 5 — Whether it belongs to God alone to create? Article 6 — Whether to create is proper to any person? Article 7 — Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity? Article 8 — Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art? Question 046 — Question 46 — The Beginning of the Duration of Creatures 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the universe of creatures always existed? Article 2 — Whether it is an article of faith that the world began? Article 3 — Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time? Question 047 — Question 47 — The Distinction of Things in General 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God? Article 2 — Whether the inequality of things is from God? Article 3 — Whether there is only one world, or many? Question 048 — Question 48 — The Distinction of Good and Evil 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether evil is a nature? Article 2 — Whether evil is found in things? Article 3 — Whether evil is in good as in its subject? Article 4 — Whether evil corrupts the whole good? Article 5 — Whether evil is adequately divided into pain and fault? Article 6 — Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has? Question 049 — Question 49 — The Cause of Evil 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether good can be the cause of evil? Article 2 — Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil? Article 3 — Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil? Question 050 — Question 50 — The Substance of the Angels Absolutely 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal? Article 2 — Whether an angel is composed of matter and form? Article 3 — Whether the angels exist in any great number? Article 4 — Whether the angels differ in species? Article 5 — Whether the angels are incorruptible? Question 051 — Question 51 — Angels in Comparison with Bodies 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them? Article 2 — Whether angels assume bodies? Article 3 — Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed? Question 052 — Question 52 — Angels in Relation to Place 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel is in a place? Article 2 — Whether an angel can be in several places at once? Article 3 — Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place? Question 053 — Question 53 — The Local Movement of the Angels 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel can be moved locally? Article 2 — Whether an angel passes through intermediate space? Article 3 — Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous? Question 054 — Question 54 — The Knowledge of the Angels 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel’s act of understanding is his substance? Article 2 — Whether in the angel to understand is to exist? Article 3 — Whether an angel’s power of intelligence is different from his essence? Article 4 — Whether there is an agent and a potential intellect in an angel? Article 5 — Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels? Question 055 — Question 55 — The Medium of the Angelic Knowledge 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels know all things by their substance? Article 2 — Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things? Article 3 — Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels? Question 056 — Question 56 — Angelic Knowledge of Immaterial Things 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel knows himself? Article 2 — Whether one angel knows another? Article 3 — Whether an angel knows God by his own natural principles? Question 057 — Question 57 — Angelic Knowledge of Material Things 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels know material things? Article 2 — Whether an angel knows singulars? Article 3 — Whether angels know the future? Article 4 — Whether angels know thoughts of the heart? Article 5 — Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace? Question 058 — Question 58 — The Mode of Angelic Knowledge 8 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angel’s intellect is sometimes in potentiality? Article 2 — Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time? Article 3 — Whether an angel’s knowledge is discursive? Article 4 — Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing? Article 5 — Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel? Article 6 — Whether there is a morning and an evening knowledge in the angels? Article 7 — Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one? Question 059 — Question 59 — The Will of the Angels 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is will in the angels? Article 2 — Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect? Article 3 — Whether there is free-will in the angels? Article 4 — Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels? Question 060 — Question 60 — The Love or Dilection of the Angels 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel? Article 2 — Whether there is love of choice in the angels? Article 3 — Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice? Article 4 — Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself? Article 5 — Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself? Question 061 — Question 61 — The Production of the Angels in their Nature 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels have a cause of their existence? Article 2 — Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity? Article 3 — Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world? Article 4 — Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven? Question 062 — Question 62 — The Perfection of the Angels in Grace and Glory 10 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels were created in beatitude? Article 2 — Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God? Article 3 — Whether the angels were created in grace? Article 4 — Whether an angel merits his beatitude? Article 5 — Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit? Article 6 — Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts? Article 7 — Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels? Article 8 — Whether a beatified angel can sin? Article 9 — Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude? Question 063 — Question 63 — The Malice of the Angels with Regard to Sin 10 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels? Article 2 — Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel? Article 3 — Whether the devil desired to be as God? Article 4 — Whether any demons are naturally wicked? Article 5 — Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation? Article 6 — Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel? Article 7 — Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all? Article 8 — Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning? Article 9 — Whether the angels who sinned were more than those who stood firm? Question 064 — Question 64 — The Punishment of the Demons 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the demons’ intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth? Article 2 — Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil? Article 3 — Whether there is sorrow in the demons? Article 4 — Whether our atmosphere is the demons’ place of punishment? Question 065 — Question 65 — The Work of Creation of Corporeal Creatures 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether corporeal creatures are from God? Article 2 — Whether corporeal things were made on account of God’s goodness? Article 3 — Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels? Article 4 — Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels? Question 066 — Question 66 — The Order of Creation towards Distinction 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation? Article 2 — Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same? Article 3 — Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter? Article 4 — Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter? Question 067 — Question 67 — The Work of Distinction and the First Day 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the word ‘light’ is used in its proper sense in speaking of spiritual things? Article 2 — Whether light is a body? Article 3 — Whether light is a quality? Article 4 — Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day? Question 068 — Question 68 — The Work of the Second Day 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the firmament was made on the second day? Article 2 — Whether there are waters above the firmament? Article 3 — Whether the firmament divides waters from waters? Article 4 — Whether there is only one heaven? Question 069 — Question 69 — The Work of the Third Day 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place on the third day? Article 2 — Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day? Question 070 — Question 70 — The Work of Adornment, and of the Fourth Day 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day? Article 2 — Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable? Article 3 — Whether the lights of heaven are living beings? Question 071 — Question 71 — The Work of the Fifth Day 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the work of the fifth day was fittingly described? Question 072 — Question 72 — The Work of the Sixth Day 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the work of the sixth day was fittingly described? Question 073 — Question 73 — The Things that Belong to the Seventh Day 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the completion of the divine works ought to be ascribed to the seventh day? Article 2 — Whether God rested on the seventh day from all his work? Article 3 — Whether blessing and sanctifying are due to the seventh day? Question 074 — Question 74 — All the Seven Days in Common 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether these days are sufficiently enumerated? Article 2 — Whether all these days are one day? Article 3 — Whether scripture uses suitable words to express the work of the six days? Question 075 — Question 75 — Man, Spiritual and Corporeal Substance 8 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the soul is a body? Article 2 — Whether the human soul is something subsistent? Article 3 — Whether the souls of brute animals are subsistent? Article 4 — Whether the soul is man? Article 5 — Whether the soul is composed of matter and form? Article 6 — Whether the human soul is corruptible? Article 7 — Whether the soul is of the same species as an angel? Question 076 — Question 76 — The Union of Body and Soul 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form? Article 2 — Whether the intellectual principle is multiplied according to the number of bodies? Article 3 — Whether besides the intellectual soul there are in man other souls essentially different from one another, namely, the sensitive and nutritive? Article 4 — Whether in man there is another form besides the intellectual soul? Article 5 — Whether the intellectual soul is properly united to such a body? Article 6 — Whether the intellectual soul is united to the body through the medium of accidental dispositions? Article 7 — Whether the soul is united to the animal body by means of a body? Article 8 — Whether the soul is in each part of the body? Question 077 — Question 77 — The Powers of the Soul in General 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the essence of the soul is its power? Article 2 — Whether there are several powers of the soul? Article 3 — Whether the powers are distinguished by their acts and objects? Article 4 — Whether there is an order among the soul’s powers? Article 5 — Whether all the powers of the soul are in the soul as their subject? Article 6 — Whether the powers of the soul flow from its essence? Article 7 — Whether one power of the soul arises from another? Article 8 — Whether all the powers remain in the soul when separated from the body? Question 078 — Question 78 — The Specific Powers of the Soul 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there are to be distinguished five genera of powers in the soul? Article 2 — Whether the parts of the vegetative soul are fittingly described as the nutritive, augmentative, and generative? Article 3 — Whether the five exterior senses are properly distinguished? Article 4 — Whether the interior senses are suitably distinguished? Question 079 — Question 79 — The Intellectual Powers 14 chapters Question 080 — Question 80 — The Appetitive Powers in General 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the appetite is a special power of the soul? Article 2 — Whether the sensitive and intellectual appetites are distinct powers? Question 081 — Question 81 — The Power of Sensuality 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether sensuality is only appetitive, or also cognitive? Article 2 — Whether the sensitive appetite is divided into the irascible and concupiscible as distinct powers? Article 3 — Whether the irascible and concupiscible appetites obey reason? Question 082 — Question 82 — The Will 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the will desires something of necessity? Article 2 — Whether the will desires whatever it desires from necessity? Article 3 — Whether the will is a higher power than the intellect? Article 4 — Whether the will moves the intellect? Article 5 — Whether we should distinguish irascible and concupiscible parts in the superior appetite? Question 083 — Question 83 — Free Will 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether man has free-will? Article 2 — Whether free-will is a power? Article 3 — Whether free-will is an appetitive power, or cognitive? Article 4 — Whether free-will is a power distinct from the will? Question 084 — Question 84 — The Soul’s Knowledge When Joined to the Body 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the soul knows bodies through the intellect? Article 2 — Whether the soul understands corporeal things through its essence? Article 3 — Whether the soul understands all things through innate species? Article 4 — Whether the intelligible species are derived by the soul from certain separate forms? Article 5 — Whether the intellectual soul knows material things in the eternal types? Article 6 — Whether intellectual knowledge is derived from sensible things? Article 7 — Whether the intellect can actually understand through the intelligible species of which it is possessed, without turning to the phantasms? Article 8 — Whether the judgment of the intellect is hindered through suspension of the sensitive powers? Question 085 — Question 85 — The Mode and Order of Understanding 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether our intellect understands corporeal and material things by abstraction from phantasms? Article 2 — Whether the intelligible species abstracted from the phantasm is related to our intellect as that which is understood? Article 3 — Whether the more universal is first in our intellectual cognition? Article 4 — Whether we can understand many things at the same time? Article 5 — Whether our intellect understands by composition and division? Article 6 — Whether the intellect can be false? Article 7 — Whether one person can understand one and the same thing better than another can? Article 8 — Whether the intellect understands the indivisible before the divisible? Question 086 — Question 86 — What Our Intellect Knows In Material Things 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether our intellect knows singulars? Article 2 — Whether our intellect can know the infinite? Article 3 — Whether our intellect can know contingent things? Article 4 — Whether our intellect can know the future? Question 087 — Question 87 — The Soul’s Knowledge of Itself and All Within Itself 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the intellectual soul knows itself by its essence? Article 2 — Whether our intellect knows the habits of the soul by their essence? Article 3 — Whether our intellect knows its own act? Article 4 — Whether the intellect understands the act of the will? Question 088 — Question 88 — How the Human Soul Knows What is Above Itself 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the human soul in the present state of life can understand immaterial substances in themselves? Article 2 — Whether our intellect can understand immaterial substances through its knowledge of material things? Article 3 — Whether God is the first object known by the human mind? Question 089 — Question 89 — The Knowledge of the Separated Soul 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the separated soul can understand nothing at all? Article 2 — Whether the separated soul understands separate substances? Article 3 — Whether the separated soul knows all natural things? Article 4 — Whether the separated soul knows singulars? Article 5 — Whether the habit of knowledge here acquired remains in the separated soul? Article 6 — Whether the act of knowledge acquired here remains in the separated soul? Article 7 — Whether local distance impedes the knowledge in the separated soul? Article 8 — Whether separated souls know what takes place on earth? Question 090 — Question 90 — The First Production of Man’s Soul 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the soul was made or was of God’s substance? Article 2 — Whether the soul was produced by creation? Article 3 — Whether the rational soul is produced by God immediately, or by the instrumentality of the angels? Article 4 — Whether the human soul was produced before the body? Question 091 — Question 91 — The Production of the First Man’s Body 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the body of the first man was made of the slime of the earth? Article 2 — Whether the human body was immediately produced by God? Article 3 — Whether the body of man was given an apt disposition? Article 4 — Whether the production of the human body is fittingly described in Scripture? Question 092 — Question 92 — The Production of the Woman 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the woman should have been made in the first production of things? Article 2 — Whether woman should have been made from man? Article 3 — Whether the woman was fittingly made from the rib of man? Article 4 — Whether the woman was formed immediately by God? Question 093 — Question 93 — The End of Man, the Image and Likeness of God 10 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the image of God is in man? Article 2 — Whether the image of God is to be found in irrational creatures? Article 3 — Whether the angels are more to the image of God than man is? Article 4 — Whether the image of God is found in every man? Article 5 — Whether the image of God is in man according to the Trinity of Persons? Article 6 — Whether the image of God is in man as regards the mind only? Article 7 — Whether the image of God is to be found in the acts of the soul? Article 8 — Whether the image of the Divine Trinity is in the soul only by comparison with God as its object? Article 9 — Whether ‘likeness’ is properly distinguished from ‘image’? Question 094 — Question 94 — The State or Condition of the First Man as to His Intellect 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the first man saw God through his essence? Article 2 — Whether Adam in the state of innocence saw the angels through their essence? Article 3 — Whether the first man knew all things? Article 4 — Whether man in his first state could be deceived? Question 095 — Question 95 — Things Pertaining to the First Man’s Will 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the first man was created in grace? Article 2 — Whether passions existed in the soul of the first man? Article 3 — Whether Adam had all the virtues? Article 4 — Whether the actions of the first man were less meritorious than ours are? Question 096 — Question 96 — The Mastership Belonging to Man in the State of Innocence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether Adam in the state of innocence had mastership over the animals? Article 2 — Whether man had mastership over all other creatures? Article 3 — Whether men were equal in the state of innocence? Article 4 — Whether in the state of innocence man would have been master over man? Question 097 — Question 97 — The Preservation of the Individual 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in the state of innocence man would have been immortal? Article 2 — Whether in the state of innocence man would have been passible? Article 3 — Whether in the state of innocence man needed food? Article 4 — Whether the tree of life could have been the cause of immortality? Question 098 — Question 98 — The Preservation of the Species 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether generation existed in the state of innocence? Article 2 — Whether in the state of innocence there would have been generation by coition? Question 099 — Question 99 — The Condition of the Offspring as to the Body 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in the state of innocence children would have had perfect strength of body, as to the use of its members, immediately after birth? Article 2 — Whether, in the primitive state, women would have been born? Question 100 — Question 100 — The Condition of the Offspring as Regards Righteousness 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men would have been born in a state of righteousness? Article 2 — Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born confirmed in righteousness? Question 101 — Question 101 — The Condition of the Offspring as Regards Knowledge 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born with perfect knowledge? Article 2 — Whether children would have had perfect use of reason at birth? Question 102 — Question 102 — Man’s Abode, Which is Paradise 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether paradise is a corporeal place? Article 2 — Whether paradise was a place adapted to be the abode of man? Article 3 — Whether man was placed in paradise to dress it and keep it? Article 4 — Whether man was created in paradise? Question 103 — Question 103 — The Government of Things in General 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the world is governed by anyone? Article 2 — Whether the end of the government of the world is something outside the world? Article 3 — Whether the world is governed by one? Article 4 — Whether the effect of government is one or many? Article 5 — Whether all things are subject to the divine government? Article 6 — Whether all things are immediately governed by God? Article 7 — Whether anything can happen outside the order of the divine government? Article 8 — Whether anything can resist the order of the divine government? Question 104 — Question 104 — The Special Effects of the Divine Government 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether creatures need to be kept in being by God? Article 2 — Whether God preserves every creature immediately? Article 3 — Whether God can annihilate anything? Article 4 — Whether anything is annihilated? Question 105 — Question 105 — The Change of Creatures by God 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God can move the matter immediately to the form? Article 2 — Whether God can move a body immediately? Article 3 — Whether God moves the created intellect immediately? Article 4 — Whether God can move the created will? Article 5 — Whether God works in every agent? Article 6 — Whether God can do anything outside the established order of nature? Article 7 — Whether whatever God does outside the natural order is miraculous? Article 8 — Whether one miracle is greater than another? Question 106 — Question 106 — How One Creature Moves Another 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one angel enlightens another? Article 2 — Whether one angel moves another angel’s will? Article 3 — Whether an inferior angel can enlighten a superior angel? Article 4 — Whether the superior angel enlightens the inferior as regards all he himself knows? Question 107 — Question 107 — The Speech of the Angels 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one angel speaks to another? Article 2 — Whether the inferior angel speaks to the superior? Article 3 — Whether an angel speaks to God? Article 4 — Whether local distance influences the angelic speech? Article 5 — Whether all the angels know what one speaks to another? Question 108 — Question 108 — The Angelic Degrees of Hierarchies and Orders 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether all the angels are of one hierarchy? Article 2 — Whether there are several orders in one hierarchy? Article 3 — Whether there are many angels in one order? Article 4 — Whether the distinction of hierarchies and orders comes from the angelic nature? Article 5 — Whether the orders of the angels are properly named? Article 6 — Whether the grades of the orders are properly assigned? Article 7 — Whether the orders will outlast the day of judgment? Article 8 — Whether men are taken up into the angelic orders? Question 109 — Question 109 — The Ordering of the Bad Angels 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there are orders among the demons? Article 2 — Whether among the demons there is precedence? Article 3 — Whether there is enlightenment in the demons? Article 4 — Whether the good angels have precedence over the bad angels? Question 110 — Question 110 — How Angels Preside Over Corporeal Creatures 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the corporeal creature is governed by the angels? Article 2 — Whether corporeal matter obeys the mere will of an angel? Article 3 — Whether bodies obey the angels as regards local motion? Article 4 — Whether angels can work miracles? Question 111 — Question 111 — The Action of the Angels on Man 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an angel can enlighten man? Article 2 — Whether the angels can change the will of man? Article 3 — Whether an angel can change man’s imagination? Article 4 — Whether an angel can change the human senses? Question 112 — Question 112 — The Mission of the Angels 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the angels are sent on works of ministry? Article 2 — Whether all the angels are sent in ministry? Article 3 — Whether all the angels who are sent, assist? Article 4 — Whether all the angels of the second hierarchy are sent? Question 113 — Question 113 — The Guardianship of the Good Angels 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men are guarded by the angels? Article 2 — Whether each man is guarded by an angel? Article 3 — Whether to guard men belongs only to the lowest order of angels? Article 4 — Whether angels are appointed to the guardianship of all men? Article 5 — Whether an angel is appointed to guard a man from his birth? Article 6 — Whether a guardian angel ever forsakes a man whom he is appointed to guard? Article 7 — Whether angels grieve for the ills of those whom they guard? Article 8 — Whether there can be strife or discord among the angels? Question 114 — Question 114 — The Assaults of the Demons 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men are assailed by the demons? Article 2 — Whether to tempt is proper to the devil? Article 3 — Whether all sins are due to the temptation of the devil? Article 4 — Whether demons can lead men astray by means of real miracles? Article 5 — Whether a demon who is overcome by man, is for this reason hindered from making further assaults? Question 115 — Question 115 — The Action of the Corporeal Creature 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a body can be active? Article 2 — Whether there are any seminal virtues in corporeal matter? Article 3 — Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of what is produced in bodies here below? Article 4 — Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of human actions? Article 5 — Whether heavenly bodies can act on the demons? Article 6 — Whether heavenly bodies impose necessity on things subject to their action? Question 116 — Question 116 — Fate 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fate exists? Article 2 — Whether fate is in created things? Article 3 — Whether fate is unchangeable? Article 4 — Whether all things are subject to fate? Question 117 — Question 117 — Things Pertaining to the Action of Man 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one man can teach another? Article 2 — Whether man can teach the angels? Article 3 — Whether man by the power of his soul can change corporeal matter? Article 4 — Whether the separate human soul can move bodies at least locally? Question 118 — Question 118 — The Production of Man from Man as to the Soul 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the sensitive soul is transmitted with the semen, or created by God? Article 2 — Whether the intellectual soul is produced from the semen? Article 3 — Whether human souls were created together at the beginning of the world? Question 119 — Question 119 — The Propagation of Man as to the Body 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether some part of the food is changed into true human nature? Article 2 — Whether the semen is produced from surplus food or from the substance of the begetter?
