Summa Theologiae Part II-II — Second Part of the Second Part Question 001 — Question 1 — Faith 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the object of faith is the first truth? Article 2 — Whether the object of faith is something complex, by way of a proposition? Article 3 — Whether anything false can come under faith? Article 4 — Whether the object of faith can be something seen? Article 5 — Whether those things that are of faith can be an object of science ? Article 6 — Whether those things that are of faith should be divided into certain articles? Article 7 — Whether the articles of faith have increased in course of time? Article 8 — Whether the articles of faith are suitably formulated? Article 9 — Whether it is suitable for the articles of faith to be embodied in a symbol? Article 10 — Whether it belongs to the sovereign pontiff to draw up a symbol of faith? Question 002 — Question 2 — The Act of Faith 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to believe is to think with assent? Article 2 — Whether the act of faith is suitably distinguished as believing God, believing in a God, and believing in God? Article 3 — Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe? Article 4 — Whether it is necessary to believe those things which can be proved by natural reason? Article 5 — Whether man is bound to believe anything explicitly? Article 6 — Whether all are equally bound to have explicit faith? Article 7 — Whether it is necessary for the salvation of all to believe explicitly in the mystery of Christ? Article 8 — Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe explicitly in the Trinity? Article 9 — Whether to believe is meritorious? Article 10 — Whether reasons in support of what we believe lessen the merit of faith? Question 003 — Question 3 — The Outward Act of Faith 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether confession is an act of faith? Article 2 — Whether confession of faith is necessary for salvation? Question 004 — Question 4 — The Virtue Itself of Faith 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether this is a fitting definition of faith: Faith is the substance of things to be hoped for, the evidence of things that appear not? Article 2 — Whether faith resides in the intellect as in a subject? Article 3 — Whether charity is the form of faith? Article 4 — Whether lifeless faith can become living, or living faith, lifeless? Article 5 — Whether faith is a virtue? Article 6 — Whether faith is one virtue? Article 7 — Whether faith is the first of the virtues? Article 8 — Whether faith is more certain than science and the other intellectual virtues? Question 005 — Question 5 — Those Who Have Faith 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there was faith in the angels, or in man, in their original state? Article 2 — Whether in the demons there is faith? Article 3 — Whether a heretic who disbelieves one article of faith can have lifeless faith in the other articles? Article 4 — Whether faith can be greater in one man than in another? Question 006 — Question 6 — The Cause of Faith 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether faith is infused into man by God? Article 2 — Whether lifeless faith is a gift of God? Question 007 — Question 7 — The Effects of Faith 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fear is an effect of faith? Article 2 — Whether faith has the effect of purifying the heart? Question 008 — Question 8 — The Gift of Understanding 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether understanding is a gift of the Holy Spirit? Article 2 — Whether the gift of understanding is compatible with faith? Article 3 — Whether the gift of understanding is merely speculative or also practical? Article 4 — Whether the gift of understanding is in all who are in a state of grace? Article 5 — Whether the gift of understanding is found also in those who have not sanctifying grace? Article 6 — Whether the gift of understanding is distinct from the other gifts? Article 7 — Whether the sixth beatitude, “blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see God,” responds to the gift of understanding? Article 8 — Whether faith, among the fruits, responds to the gift of understanding? Question 009 — Question 9 — The Gift of Knowledge 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether knowledge is a gift? Article 2 — Whether the gift of knowledge is about divine things? Article 3 — Whether the gift of knowledge is practical knowledge? Article 4 — Whether the third beatitude, “blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be consoled,” corresponds to the gift of knowledge? Question 010 — Question 10 — Unbelief in General 13 chapters Question 011 — Question 11 — Heresy 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether heresy is a species of unbelief? Article 2 — Whether heresy is properly about matters of faith? Article 3 — Whether heretics ought to be tolerated? Article 4 — Whether the Church should receive those who return from heresy? Question 012 — Question 12 — Apostasy 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether apostasy pertains to unbelief? Article 2 — Whether a prince forfeits his dominion over his subjects because of apostasy from the faith, so that they no longer owe him allegiance? Question 013 — Question 13 — The Sin of Blasphemy, in General 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether blasphemy is opposed to the confession of faith? Article 2 — Whether blasphemy is always a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether the sin of blasphemy is the greatest sin? Article 4 — Whether the damned blaspheme? Question 014 — Question 14 — Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the sin against the Holy Spirit is the same as the sin committed through certain malice? Article 2 — Whether it is fitting to distinguish six kinds of sin against the Holy Spirit? Article 3 — Whether the sin against the Holy Spirit can be forgiven? Article 4 — Whether a man can sin first of all against the Holy Spirit without having committed other sins? Question 015 — Question 15 — The Vices Opposed to Knowledge and Understanding 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether blindness of mind is a sin? Article 2 — Whether dullness of sense is a sin distinct from blindness of mind? Article 3 — Whether blindness of mind and dullness of sense arise from sins of the flesh? Question 016 — Question 16 — The Precepts of Faith, Knowledge, and Understanding 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in the Old Law there should have been given precepts of faith? Article 2 — Whether the precepts referring to knowledge and understanding were fittingly set down in the Old Law? Question 017 — Question 17 — Hope, Considered in Itself 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether hope is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether eternal happiness is the proper object of hope? Article 3 — Whether one man may hope for another’s eternal happiness? Article 4 — Whether a man can lawfully hope in man? Article 5 — Whether hope is a theological virtue? Article 6 — Whether hope is distinct from the other theological virtues? Article 7 — Whether hope precedes faith? Article 8 — Whether charity precedes hope? Question 018 — Question 18 — The Subject of Hope 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether hope is in the will as its subject? Article 2 — Whether in the blessed there is hope? Article 3 — Whether hope is in the damned? Article 4 — Whether there is certainty in the hope of a wayfarer? Question 019 — Question 19 — The Gift of Fear 13 chapters Question 020 — Question 20 — Despair 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether despair is a sin? Article 2 — Whether there can be despair without unbelief? Article 3 — Whether despair is the greatest of sins? Article 4 — Whether despair arises from sloth? Question 021 — Question 21 — Presumption 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether presumption trusts in God or in our own power? Article 2 — Whether presumption is a sin? Article 3 — Whether presumption is more opposed to fear than to hope? Article 4 — Whether presumption arises from vainglory? Question 022 — Question 22 — The Precepts Relating to Hope and Fear 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a precept of hope should be given? Article 2 — Whether, in the Law, there should have been given a precept of fear? Question 023 — Question 23 — Charity, Considered in Itself 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether charity is friendship? Article 2 — Whether charity is something created in the soul? Article 3 — Whether charity is a virtue? Article 4 — Whether charity is a special virtue? Article 5 — Whether charity is one virtue? Article 6 — Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues? Article 7 — Whether any true virtue is possible without charity? Article 8 — Whether charity is the form of the virtues? Question 024 — Question 24 — The Subject of Charity 13 chapters Question 025 — Question 25 — The Object of Charity 13 chapters Question 026 — Question 26 — The Order of Charity 14 chapters Question 027 — Question 27 — The Principal Act of Charity, Which is to Love 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to be loved is more proper to charity than to love? Article 2 — Whether to love, considered as an act of charity, is the same as goodwill? Article 3 — Whether out of charity God ought to be loved for himself, or for the sake of something else? Article 4 — Whether God can be loved immediately in this life? Article 5 — Whether God can be loved wholly? Article 6 — Whether in loving God we ought to observe any mode? Article 7 — Whether it is more meritorious to love an enemy than to love a friend? Article 8 — Whether it is more meritorious to love one’s neighbor than to love God? Question 028 — Question 28 — Joy 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether joy is effected in us by charity? Article 2 — Whether the spiritual joy, which results from charity, is compatible with an admixture of sorrow? Article 3 — Whether the spiritual joy, which proceeds from charity, can be filled? Article 4 — Whether joy is a virtue? Question 029 — Question 29 — Peace 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether peace is the same as concord? Article 2 — Whether all things desire peace? Article 3 — Whether peace is the proper effect of charity? Article 4 — Whether peace is a virtue? Question 030 — Question 30 — Mercy 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether evil is properly the motive of mercy? Article 2 — Whether the reason for taking pity is a defect in the person who pities? Article 3 — Whether mercy is a virtue? Article 4 — Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues? Question 031 — Question 31 — Beneficence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether beneficence is an act of charity? Article 2 — Whether we ought to do good to all? Article 3 — Whether we ought to do good to those rather who are more closely united to us? Article 4 — Whether beneficence is a special virtue? Question 032 — Question 32 — Almsgiving 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether almsgiving is an act of charity? Article 2 — Whether the different kinds of almsdeeds are suitably enumerated? Article 3 — Whether corporal alms are of more account than spiritual alms? Article 4 — Whether corporal almsdeeds have a spiritual effect? Article 5 — Whether almsgiving is a matter of precept? Article 6 — Whether one ought to give alms out of what one needs? Article 7 — Whether one may give alms out of ill-gotten goods? Article 8 — Whether one who is under another’s power can give alms? Article 9 — Whether one ought to give alms to those rather who are more closely united to us? Article 10 — Whether alms should be given in abundance? Question 033 — Question 33 — Fraternal Correction 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fraternal correction is an act of charity? Article 2 — Whether fraternal correction is a matter of precept? Article 3 — Whether fraternal correction belongs only to prelates? Article 4 — Whether a man is bound to correct his prelate? Article 5 — Whether a sinner ought to reprove a wrongdoer? Article 6 — Whether one ought to forbear from correcting someone, through fear lest he become worse? Article 7 — Whether the precept of fraternal correction demands that a private admonition should precede denunciation? Article 8 — Whether before the public denunciation witnesses ought to be brought forward? Question 034 — Question 34 — Hatred 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is possible for anyone to hate God? Article 2 — Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins? Article 3 — Whether hatred of one’s neighbor is always a sin? Article 4 — Whether hatred of our neighbor is the most grievous sin against our neighbor? Article 5 — Whether hatred is a capital sin? Article 6 — Whether hatred arises from envy? Question 035 — Question 35 — Sloth 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether sloth is a sin? Article 2 — Whether sloth is a special vice? Article 3 — Whether sloth is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether sloth should be accounted a capital vice? Question 036 — Question 36 — Envy 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether envy is a kind of sorrow? Article 2 — Whether envy is a sin? Article 3 — Whether envy is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether envy is a capital vice? Question 037 — Question 37 — Discord 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether discord is a sin? Article 2 — Whether discord is a daughter of vainglory? Question 038 — Question 38 — Contention 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether contention is a mortal sin? Article 2 — Whether contention is a daughter of vainglory? Question 039 — Question 39 — Schism 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether schism is a special sin? Article 2 — Whether schism is a graver sin than unbelief? Article 3 — Whether schismatics have any power? Article 4 — Whether schismatics are rightly punished with excommunication? Question 040 — Question 40 — War 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is always sinful to wage war? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful to lay ambushes in war? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful to fight on holy days? Question 041 — Question 41 — Strife 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether strife is always a sin? Article 2 — Whether strife is a daughter of anger? Question 042 — Question 42 — Sedition 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether sedition is a special sin distinct from other sins? Article 2 — Whether sedition is always a mortal sin? Question 043 — Question 43 — Scandal 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether scandal is fittingly defined as: “something less rightly said or done that occasions spiritual downfall”? Article 2 — Whether scandal is a sin? Article 3 — Whether scandal is a special sin? Article 4 — Whether scandal is a mortal sin? Article 5 — Whether passive scandal may happen even to the perfect? Article 6 — Whether active scandal can be found in the perfect? Article 7 — Whether spiritual goods should be foregone on account of scandal? Article 8 — Whether temporal goods should be foregone on account of scandal? Question 044 — Question 44 — The Precepts of Charity 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether any precept should be given about charity? Article 2 — Whether there should have been given two precepts of charity? Article 3 — Whether two precepts of charity suffice? Article 4 — Whether it is fittingly commanded that man should love God with his whole heart? Article 5 — Whether to the words, “thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart,” it was fitting to add “and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole strength”? Article 6 — Whether it is possible in this life to fulfill this precept of the love of God? Article 7 — Whether the precept of love of our neighbor is fittingly expressed? Article 8 — Whether the order of charity is included in the precept? Question 045 — Question 45 — The Gift of Wisdom 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether wisdom should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Spirit? Article 2 — Whether wisdom is in the intellect as its subject? Article 3 — Whether wisdom is merely speculative, or practical also? Article 4 — Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin? Article 5 — Whether wisdom is in all who have grace? Article 6 — Whether the seventh beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom? Question 046 — Question 46 — Folly 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether folly is contrary to wisdom? Article 2 — Whether folly is a sin? Article 3 — Whether folly is a daughter of lust? Question 047 — Question 47 — Prudence, Considered in Itself 17 chapters Question 048 — Question 48 — The Parts of Prudence 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether three parts of prudence are fittingly assigned? Question 049 — Question 49 — Each Quasi-Integral Part of Prudence 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether memory is a part of prudence? Article 2 — Whether understanding is a part of prudence? Article 3 — Whether docility should be accounted a part of prudence? Article 4 — Whether shrewdness is part of prudence? Article 5 — Whether reason should be reckoned a part of prudence? Article 6 — Whether foresight should be accounted a part of prudence? Article 7 — Whether circumspection can be a part of prudence? Article 8 — Whether caution should be reckoned a part of prudence? Question 050 — Question 50 — The Subjective Parts of Prudence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a species of prudence is regnative? Article 2 — Whether political prudence is fittingly accounted a part of prudence? Article 3 — Whether a part of prudence should be reckoned to be domestic? Article 4 — Whether military prudence should be reckoned a part of prudence? Question 051 — Question 51 — The Virtues Which are Connected with Prudence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether euboulia is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether euboulia is a special virtue, distinct from prudence? Article 3 — Whether synesis is a virtue? Article 4 — Whether gnome is a special virtue distinct from synesis? Question 052 — Question 52 — The Gift of Counsel 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether counsel should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Spirit? Article 2 — Whether the gift of counsel corresponds to the virtue of prudence? Article 3 — Whether the gift of counsel remains in heaven? Article 4 — Whether the fifth beatitude, which is that of mercy, corresponds to the gift of counsel? Question 053 — Question 53 — Imprudence 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether imprudence is a sin? Article 2 — Whether imprudence is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether precipitation is a sin included in imprudence? Article 4 — Whether thoughtlessness is a special sin included in imprudence? Article 5 — Whether inconstancy is a vice contained under imprudence? Article 6 — Whether the aforesaid vices arise from lust? Question 054 — Question 54 — Negligence 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether negligence is a special sin? Article 2 — Whether negligence is opposed to prudence? Article 3 — Whether negligence can be a mortal sin? Question 055 — Question 55 — Vices Opposed to Prudence by Way of Resemblance 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether prudence of the flesh is a sin? Article 2 — Whether prudence of the flesh is a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether craftiness is a special sin? Article 4 — Whether guile is a sin pertaining to craftiness? Article 5 — Whether fraud pertains to craftiness? Article 6 — Whether it is lawful to be solicitous about temporal matters? Article 7 — Whether we should be solicitous about the future? Article 8 — Whether these vices arise from covetousness? Question 056 — Question 56 — The Precepts Relating to Prudence 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the precepts of the decalogue should have included a precept of prudence? Article 2 — Whether the prohibitive precepts relating to the vices opposed to prudence are fittingly propounded in the Old Law? Question 057 — Question 57 — Right 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether right is the object of justice? Article 2 — Whether right is fittingly divided into natural right and positive right? Article 3 — Whether the right of nations is the same as the natural right? Article 4 — Whether paternal right and right of dominion should be distinguished as special species? Question 058 — Question 58 — Justice 13 chapters Question 059 — Question 59 — Injustice 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether injustice is a special vice? Article 2 — Whether a man is called unjust through doing an unjust thing? Article 3 — Whether we can suffer injustice willingly? Article 4 — Whether whoever does an injustice sins mortally? Question 060 — Question 60 — Judgment 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether judgment is an act of justice? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to judge? Article 3 — Whether it is unlawful to form a judgment from suspicions? Article 4 — Whether doubts should be interpreted for the best? Article 5 — Whether we should always judge according to the written law? Article 6 — Whether judgment is rendered perverse by being usurped? Question 061 — Question 61 — The Parts of Justice 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether two species of justice are suitably assigned, as commutative and distributive? Article 2 — Whether the mean is to be observed in the same way in distributive as in commutative justice? Article 3 — Whether there is a different matter for both kinds of justice? Article 4 — Whether the just is absolutely the same as retaliation? Question 062 — Question 62 — Restitution 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether restitution is an act of commutative justice? Article 2 — Whether restitution of what has been taken away is necessary for salvation? Article 3 — Whether it suffices to restore the exact amount taken? Article 4 — Whether a man is bound to restore what he has not taken? Article 5 — Whether restitution must always be made to the person from whom a thing has been taken? Article 6 — Whether he that has taken a thing is always bound to restitution? Article 7 — Whether restitution is binding on those who have not taken? Article 8 — Whether a man is bound to immediate restitution, or may he put it off? Question 063 — Question 63 — Respect of Persons 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether respect of persons is a sin? Article 2 — Whether respect of persons takes place in the dispensation of spiritual goods? Article 3 — Whether the sin of respect of persons takes place in showing honor and respect? Article 4 — Whether the sin of respect of persons takes place in judicial sentences? Question 064 — Question 64 — Murder 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is unlawful to kill any living thing? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to kill sinners? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful for a private individual to kill a man who has sinned? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful for clerics to kill evil-doers? Article 5 — Whether it is lawful to kill oneself? Article 6 — Whether it is lawful in any case to kill the innocent? Article 7 — Whether it is lawful to kill a man in self-defense? Article 8 — Whether one is guilty of murder through killing someone by chance? Question 065 — Question 65 — Other Injuries Committed on the Person 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether in some cases it may be lawful to maim anyone? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for parents to strike their children, or masters their slaves? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful to imprison a man? Article 4 — Whether the sin is aggravated by the fact that the aforesaid injuries are perpetrated on those who are connected with others? Question 066 — Question 66 — Theft and Robbery 10 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is natural for man to possess external things? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for a man to possess a thing as his own? Article 3 — Whether the essence of theft consists in taking another’s thing secretly? Article 4 — Whether theft and robbery are sins of different species? Article 5 — Whether theft is always a sin? Article 6 — Whether theft is a mortal sin? Article 7 — Whether it is lawful to steal through stress of need? Article 8 — Whether robbery may be committed without sin? Article 9 — Whether theft is a more grievous sin than robbery? Question 067 — Question 67 — The Injustice of a Judge, in Judging 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a man can justly judge one who is not subject to his jurisdiction? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for a judge to pronounce judgment against the truth that he knows, on account of evidence to the contrary? Article 3 — Whether a judge may pass sentence on a man who is not accused? Article 4 — Whether the judge can lawfully remit the punishment? Question 068 — Question 68 — Matters Concerning Unjust Accusation 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a man is bound to accuse? Article 2 — Whether it is necessary for the accusation to be made in writing? Article 3 — Whether an accusation is rendered unjust by calumny, collusion, or evasion? Article 4 — Whether an accuser who fails to prove his indictment is bound to the punishment of retaliation? Question 069 — Question 69 — Sins Committed Against Justice on the Part of the Defendant 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one can, without a mortal sin, deny the truth which would lead to one’s condemnation? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for the accused to defend himself with calumnies? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful for the accused to escape judgment by appealing? Article 4 — Whether a man who is condemned to death may lawfully defend himself if he can? Question 070 — Question 70 — Injustice With Regard to the Person of the Witness 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether a man is bound to give evidence? Article 2 — Whether the evidence of two or three persons suffices? Article 3 — Whether a man’s evidence can be rejected without any fault of his? Article 4 — Whether it is always a mortal sin to give false evidence? Question 071 — Question 71 — Injustice in Judgment on the Part of Counsel 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether an advocate is bound to defend the suits of the poor? Article 2 — Whether it is fitting that the law should debar certain persons from the office of advocate? Article 3 — Whether an advocate sins by defending an unjust cause? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful for an advocate to take a fee for pleading? Question 072 — Question 72 — Reviling 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether reviling consists in words? Article 2 — Whether reviling or railing is a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether one ought to suffer oneself to be reviled? Article 4 — Whether reviling arises from anger? Question 073 — Question 73 — Backbiting 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether backbiting is suitably defined as the blackening of another’s character by secret words? Article 2 — Whether backbiting is a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether backbiting is the gravest of all sins committed against one’s neighbor? Article 4 — Whether it is a grave sin for the listener to suffer the backbiter? Question 074 — Question 74 — Tale-Bearing 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether tale-bearing is a sin distinct from backbiting? Article 2 — Whether backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing? Question 075 — Question 75 — Derision 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether derision is a special sin? Article 2 — Whether derision can be a mortal sin? Question 076 — Question 76 — Cursing 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful to curse anyone? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to curse an irrational creature? Article 3 — Whether cursing is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether cursing is a graver sin than backbiting? Question 077 — Question 77 — Cheating 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful to sell a thing for more than its worth? Article 2 — Whether a sale is rendered unlawful through a fault in the thing sold? Article 3 — Whether the seller is bound to state the defects of the thing sold? Article 4 — Whether, in trading, it is lawful to sell a thing at a higher price than what was paid for it? Question 078 — Question 78 — The Sin of Usury 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is a sin to take usury for money lent? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to ask for any other kind of consideration for money lent? Article 3 — Whether a man is bound to restore whatever profits he has made out of money gotten by usury? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful to borrow money under a condition of usury? Question 079 — Question 79 — The Quasi-Integral Parts of Justice 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to decline from evil and to do good are parts of justice? Article 2 — Whether transgression is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether omission is a special sin? Article 4 — Whether a sin of omission is more grievous than a sin of transgression? Question 080 — Question 80 — The Potential Parts of Justice 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the virtues annexed to justice are suitably enumerated? Question 081 — Question 81 — Religion 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether religion directs man to God alone? Article 2 — Whether religion is a virtue? Article 3 — Whether religion is one virtue? Article 4 — Whether religion is a special virtue, distinct from the others? Article 5 — Whether religion is a theological virtue? Article 6 — Whether religion should be preferred to the other moral virtues? Article 7 — Whether religion has an external act? Article 8 — Whether religion is the same as sanctity? Question 082 — Question 82 — Devotion 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether devotion is a special act? Article 2 — Whether devotion is an act of religion? Article 3 — Whether contemplation, or meditation, is the cause of devotion? Article 4 — Whether joy is an effect of devotion? Question 083 — Question 83 — Prayer 18 chapters Question 084 — Question 84 — Adoration 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether adoration is an act of latria, or religion? Article 2 — Whether adoration denotes an action of the body? Article 3 — Whether adoration requires a definite place? Question 085 — Question 85 — Sacrifices 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether offering a sacrifice to God is of the law of nature? Article 2 — Whether sacrifice should be offered to the most high God alone? Article 3 — Whether the offering of sacrifice is a special act of virtue? Article 4 — Whether all are bound to offer sacrifices? Question 086 — Question 86 — Oblations and First-Fruits 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men are under a necessity of precept to make oblations? Article 2 — Whether oblations are due to priests alone? Article 3 — Whether a man may make oblations of whatever he lawfully possesses? Article 4 — Whether men are bound to pay first-fruits? Question 087 — Question 87 — Tithes 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether men are bound to pay tithes under a necessity of precept? Article 2 — Whether men are bound to pay tithes of all things? Article 3 — Whether tithes should be paid to the clergy? Article 4 — Whether the clergy also are bound to pay tithes? Question 088 — Question 88 — Vows 13 chapters Question 089 — Question 89 — Oaths 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether to swear is to call God to witness? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to swear? Article 3 — Whether three accompanying conditions of an oath are suitably assigned, namely, justice, judgment, and truth? Article 4 — Whether an oath is an act of religion or latria? Article 5 — Whether oaths are desirable and to be used frequently as something useful and good? Article 6 — Whether it is lawful to swear by creatures? Article 7 — Whether an oath has a binding force? Article 8 — Whether an oath is more binding than a vow? Article 9 — Whether anyone can dispense from an oath? Article 10 — Whether an oath is voided by a condition of person or time? Question 090 — Question 90 — The Taking of God’s Name by Way of Adjuration 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful to adjure a man? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful to adjure the demons? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful to adjure an irrational creature? Question 091 — Question 91 — Taking the Divine Name for the Purpose of Praise 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether God should be praised with the lips? Article 2 — Whether God should be praised with song? Question 092 — Question 92 — Superstition 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether superstition is a vice contrary to religion? Article 2 — Whether there are various species of superstition? Question 093 — Question 93 — Superstition Consisting in Undue Worship of the True God 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there can be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God? Article 2 — Whether there can be any excess in the worship of God? Question 094 — Question 94 — Idolatry 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether idolatry is rightly reckoned a species of superstition? Article 2 — Whether idolatry is a sin? Article 3 — Whether idolatry is the gravest of sins? Article 4 — Whether the cause of idolatry was on the part of man? Question 095 — Question 95 — Superstition in Divinations 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether divination is a sin? Article 2 — Whether divination is a species of superstition? Article 3 — Whether we ought to distinguish several species of divination? Article 4 — Whether divination practiced by invoking the demons is unlawful? Article 5 — Whether divination by the stars is unlawful? Article 6 — Whether divination by dreams is unlawful? Article 7 — Whether divination by auguries, omens, and by like observations of external things is unlawful? Article 8 — Whether divination by drawing lots is unlawful? Question 096 — Question 96 — Superstition in Observances 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it be unlawful to practice the observances of the magic art? Article 2 — Whether observances directed to the alteration of bodies, as for the purpose of acquiring health or the like, are unlawful? Article 3 — Whether observances directed to the purpose of fortune-telling are unlawful? Article 4 — Whether it is unlawful to wear divine words at the neck? Question 097 — Question 97 — The Temptation of God 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the temptation of God consists in certain deeds, wherein the expected result is ascribed to the power of God alone? Article 2 — Whether it is a sin to tempt God? Article 3 — Whether temptation of God is opposed to the virtue of religion? Article 4 — Whether the temptation of God is a graver sin than superstition? Question 098 — Question 98 — Perjury 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is necessary for perjury that the statement confirmed on oath be false? Article 2 — Whether all perjury is sinful? Article 3 — Whether all perjury is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether he sins who demands an oath of a perjurer? Question 099 — Question 99 — Sacrilege 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether sacrilege is the violation of a sacred thing? Article 2 — Whether sacrilege is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether the species of sacrilege are distinguished according to the sacred things? Article 4 — Whether the punishment of sacrilege should be pecuniary? Question 100 — Question 100 — Simony 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether simony is an intentional will to buy or sell something spiritual or connected with a spiritual thing? Article 2 — Whether it is always unlawful to give money for the sacraments? Article 3 — Whether it is lawful to give and receive money for spiritual actions? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful to receive money for things annexed to spiritual things? Article 5 — Whether it is lawful to grant spiritual things in return for an equivalent of service, or for an oral remuneration? Article 6 — Whether those who are guilty of simony are fittingly punished by being deprived of what they have acquired by simony? Question 101 — Question 101 — Piety 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether piety extends to particular human individuals? Article 2 — Whether piety provides support for our parents? Article 3 — Whether piety is a special virtue distinct from other virtues? Article 4 — Whether the duties of piety towards one’s parents should be omitted for the sake of religion? Question 102 — Question 102 — Observance 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether observance is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues? Article 2 — Whether it belongs to observance to pay worship and honor to those who are in positions of dignity? Article 3 — Whether observance is a greater virtue than piety? Question 103 — Question 103 — Dulia 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether honor denotes something corporal? Article 2 — Whether honor is properly due to those who are above us? Article 3 — Whether dulia is a special virtue distinct from latria? Article 4 — Whether dulia has various species? Question 104 — Question 104 — Obedience 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether one man is bound to obey another? Article 2 — Whether obedience is a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether obedience is the greatest of the virtues? Article 4 — Whether God ought to be obeyed in all things? Article 5 — Whether subjects are bound to obey their superiors in all things? Article 6 — Whether Christians are bound to obey the secular powers? Question 105 — Question 105 — Disobedience 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether disobedience is a mortal sin? Article 2 — Whether disobedience is the most grievous of sins? Question 106 — Question 106 — Thankfulness or Gratitude 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether thankfulness is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues? Article 2 — Whether the innocent is more bound to give thanks to God than the penitent? Article 3 — Whether a man is bound to give thanks to every benefactor? Article 4 — Whether a man is bound to repay a favor at once? Article 5 — Whether in giving thanks we should look at the benefactor’s disposition or at the deed? Article 6 — Whether the repayment of gratitude should surpass the favor received? Question 107 — Question 107 — Ingratitude 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether ingratitude is always a sin? Article 2 — Whether ingratitude is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether ingratitude is always a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether favors should be withheld from the ungrateful? Question 108 — Question 108 — Vengeance 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether vengeance is lawful? Article 2 — Whether vengeance is a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether vengeance should be wrought by means of punishments customary among men? Article 4 — Whether vengeance should be taken on those who have sinned involuntarily? Question 109 — Question 109 — Truth 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether truth is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether truth is a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether truth is a part of justice? Article 4 — Whether the virtue of truth inclines rather to that which is less? Question 110 — Question 110 — Lying 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether lying is always opposed to truth? Article 2 — Whether lies are sufficiently divided into officious, jocose, and mischievous lies? Article 3 — Whether every lie is a sin? Article 4 — Whether every lie is a mortal sin? Question 111 — Question 111 — Dissimulation and Hypocrisy 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether all dissimulation is a sin? Article 2 — Whether hypocrisy is the same as dissimulation? Article 3 — Whether hypocrisy is contrary to the virtue of truth? Article 4 — Whether hypocrisy is always a mortal sin? Question 112 — Question 112 — Boasting 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether boasting is opposed to the virtue of truth? Article 2 — Whether boasting is a mortal sin? Question 113 — Question 113 — Irony 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether irony is a sin? Article 2 — Whether irony is a less grievous sin than boasting? Question 114 — Question 114 — The Friendliness Which is Called Affability 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether friendliness is a special virtue? Article 2 — Whether this kind of friendship is a part of justice? Question 115 — Question 115 — Flattery 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether flattery is a sin? Article 2 — Whether flattery is a mortal sin? Question 116 — Question 116 — Quarreling 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether quarreling is opposed to the virtue of friendship or affability? Article 2 — Whether quarreling is a more grievous sin than the contrary vice, flattery? Question 117 — Question 117 — Liberality 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether liberality is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether liberality is about money? Article 3 — Whether using money is the act of liberality? Article 4 — Whether it belongs to a liberal man chiefly to give? Article 5 — Whether liberality is a part of justice? Article 6 — Whether liberality is the greatest of the virtues? Question 118 — Question 118 — Covetousness 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether covetousness is a sin? Article 2 — Whether covetousness is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether covetousness is opposed to liberality? Article 4 — Whether covetousness is always a mortal sin? Article 5 — Whether covetousness is the greatest of sins? Article 6 — Whether covetousness is a spiritual sin? Article 7 — Whether covetousness is a capital vice? Article 8 — Whether treachery, fraud, falsehood, perjury, restlessness, violence, and insensibility to mercy are daughters of covetousness? Question 119 — Question 119 — Prodigality 4 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness? Article 2 — Whether prodigality is a sin? Article 3 — Whether prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness? Question 120 — Question 120 — Equity 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether epikeia is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether epikeia is a part of justice? Question 121 — Question 121 — Piety 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether piety is a gift? Article 2 — Whether the second beatitude, “blessed are the meek,” corresponds to the gift of piety? Question 122 — Question 122 — The Precepts of Justice 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the precepts of the decalogue are precepts of justice? Article 2 — Whether the first precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed? Article 3 — Whether the second precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed? Article 4 — Whether the third precept of the decalogue, concerning the hallowing of the Sabbath, is fittingly expressed? Article 5 — Whether the fourth precept, about honoring one’s parents, is fittingly expressed? Article 6 — Whether the other six precepts of the decalogue are fittingly expressed? Question 123 — Question 123 — Fortitude 13 chapters Question 124 — Question 124 — Martyrdom 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether martyrdom is an act of virtue? Article 2 — Whether martyrdom is an act of fortitude? Article 3 — Whether martyrdom is an act of the greatest perfection? Article 4 — Whether death is essential to martyrdom? Article 5 — Whether faith alone is the cause of martyrdom? Question 125 — Question 125 — Fear 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fear is a sin? Article 2 — Whether the sin of fear is contrary to fortitude? Article 3 — Whether fear is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether fear excuses from sin? Question 126 — Question 126 — Fearlessness 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fearlessness is a sin? Article 2 — Whether fearlessness is opposed to fortitude? Question 127 — Question 127 — Daring 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether daring is a sin? Article 2 — Whether daring is opposed to fortitude? Question 128 — Question 128 — The Parts of Fortitude 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the parts of fortitude are suitably assigned? Question 129 — Question 129 — Magnanimity 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether magnanimity is about honors? Article 2 — Whether magnanimity is essentially about great honors? Article 3 — Whether magnanimity is a virtue? Article 4 — Whether magnanimity is a special virtue? Article 5 — Whether magnanimity is a part of fortitude? Article 6 — Whether confidence belongs to magnanimity? Article 7 — Whether security belongs to magnanimity? Article 8 — Whether goods of fortune conduce to magnanimity? Question 130 — Question 130 — Presumption 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether presumption is a sin? Article 2 — Whether presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess? Question 131 — Question 131 — Ambition 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether ambition is a sin? Article 2 — Whether ambition is opposed to magnanimity by excess? Question 132 — Question 132 — Vainglory 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the desire of glory is a sin? Article 2 — Whether vainglory is opposed to magnanimity? Article 3 — Whether vainglory is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether vainglory is a capital vice? Article 5 — Whether the daughters of vainglory are suitably reckoned to be disobedience, boastfulness, hypocrisy, contention, obstinacy, discord, and love of novelties? Question 133 — Question 133 — Pusillanimity 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether pusillanimity is a sin? Article 2 — Whether pusillanimity is opposed to magnanimity? Question 134 — Question 134 — Magnificence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether magnificence is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether magnificence is a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether the matter of magnificence is great expenditure? Article 4 — Whether magnificence is a part of fortitude? Question 135 — Question 135 — Meanness 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether meanness is a vice? Article 2 — Whether there is a vice opposed to meanness? Question 136 — Question 136 — Patience 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether patience is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether patience is the greatest of the virtues? Article 3 — Whether it is possible to have patience without grace? Article 4 — Whether patience is a part of fortitude? Article 5 — Whether patience is the same as longanimity? Question 137 — Question 137 — Perseverance 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether perseverance is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether perseverance is a part of fortitude? Article 3 — Whether constancy pertains to perseverance? Article 4 — Whether perseverance needs the help of grace? Question 138 — Question 138 — The Vices Opposed to Perseverance 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether effeminacy is opposed to perseverance? Article 2 — Whether pertinacity is opposed to perseverance? Question 139 — Question 139 — The Gift of Fortitude 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fortitude is a gift? Article 2 — Whether the fourth beatitude, “blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice,” corresponds to the gift of fortitude? Question 140 — Question 140 — The Precepts of Fortitude 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the precepts of fortitude are suitably given in the divine law? Article 2 — Whether the precepts of the parts of fortitude are suitably given in the divine law? Question 141 — Question 141 — Temperance 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether temperance is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether temperance is a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures? Article 4 — Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures of touch? Article 5 — Whether temperance is about the pleasures proper to the taste? Article 6 — Whether the rule of temperance depends on the need of the present life? Article 7 — Whether temperance is a cardinal virtue? Article 8 — Whether temperance is the greatest of the virtues? Question 142 — Question 142 — The Vices Opposed to Temperance 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether insensibility is a vice? Article 2 — Whether intemperance is a childish sin? Article 3 — Whether cowardice is a greater vice than intemperance? Article 4 — Whether intemperance is the most disgraceful of sins? Question 143 — Question 143 — The Parts of Temperance, in General 2 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the parts of temperance are rightly assigned? Question 144 — Question 144 — Shamefacedness 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether shamefacedness is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether shamefacedness is about a disgraceful action? Article 3 — Whether man is more shamefaced of those who are more closely connected with him? Article 4 — Whether even virtuous men can be ashamed? Question 145 — Question 145 — Honesty 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether honesty is the same as virtue? Article 2 — Whether the honest is the same as the beautiful? Article 3 — Whether the honest differs from the useful and the pleasant? Article 4 — Whether honesty should be reckoned a part of temperance? Question 146 — Question 146 — Abstinence 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether abstinence is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether abstinence is a special virtue? Question 147 — Question 147 — Fasting 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether fasting is an act of virtue? Article 2 — Whether fasting is an act of abstinence? Article 3 — Whether fasting is a matter of precept? Article 4 — Whether all are bound to keep the fasts of the Church? Article 5 — Whether the times for the Church fast are fittingly ascribed? Article 6 — Whether it is requisite for fasting that one eat but once? Article 7 — Whether the ninth hour is suitably fixed for the faster’s meal? Article 8 — Whether it is fitting that those who fast should be bidden to abstain from meat, eggs, and milk foods? Question 148 — Question 148 — Gluttony 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether gluttony is a sin? Article 2 — Whether gluttony is a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether gluttony is the greatest of sins? Article 4 — Whether the species of gluttony are fittingly distinguished? Article 5 — Whether gluttony is a capital vice? Article 6 — Whether daughters are fittingly assigned to gluttony? Question 149 — Question 149 — Sobriety 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether drink is the matter of sobriety? Article 2 — Whether sobriety is by itself a special virtue? Article 3 — Whether the use of wine is altogether unlawful? Article 4 — Whether sobriety is more requisite in persons of greater standing? Question 150 — Question 150 — Drunkenness 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether drunkenness is a sin? Article 2 — Whether drunkenness is a mortal sin? Article 3 — Whether drunkenness is the gravest of sins? Article 4 — Whether drunkenness excuses from sin? Question 151 — Question 151 — Chastity 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether chastity is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether chastity is a general virtue? Article 3 — Whether chastity is a distinct virtue from abstinence? Article 4 — Whether purity belongs especially to chastity? Question 152 — Question 152 — Virginity 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether virginity consists in integrity of the flesh? Article 2 — Whether virginity is unlawful? Article 3 — Whether virginity is a virtue? Article 4 — Whether virginity is more excellent than marriage? Article 5 — Whether virginity is the greatest of virtues? Question 153 — Question 153 — Lust 6 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the matter of lust is only venereal desires and pleasures? Article 2 — Whether no venereal act can be without sin? Article 3 — Whether the lust that is about venereal acts can be a sin? Article 4 — Whether lust is a capital vice? Article 5 — Whether the daughters of lust are fittingly described? Question 154 — Question 154 — The Parts of Lust 13 chapters Question 155 — Question 155 — Continence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether continence is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether desires for pleasures of touch are the matter of continence? Article 3 — Whether the subject of continence is the concupiscible power? Article 4 — Whether continence is better than temperance? Question 156 — Question 156 — Incontinence 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether incontinence pertains to the soul or to the body? Article 2 — Whether incontinence is a sin? Article 3 — Whether the incontinent man sins more gravely than the intemperate? Article 4 — Whether the incontinent in anger is worse than the incontinent in desire? Question 157 — Question 157 — Clemency and Meekness 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether clemency and meekness are absolutely the same? Article 2 — Whether both clemency and meekness are virtues? Article 3 — Whether the aforesaid virtues are parts of temperance? Article 4 — Whether clemency and meekness are the greatest virtues? Question 158 — Question 158 — Anger 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful to be angry? Article 2 — Whether anger is a sin? Article 3 — Whether all anger is a mortal sin? Article 4 — Whether anger is the most grievous sin? Article 5 — Whether the Philosopher suitably assigns the species of anger? Article 6 — Whether anger should be reckoned among the capital vices? Article 7 — Whether six daughters are fittingly assigned to anger? Article 8 — Whether there is a vice opposed to anger, resulting from lack of anger? Question 159 — Question 159 — Cruelty 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether cruelty is opposed to clemency? Article 2 — Whether cruelty differs from savagery or brutality? Question 160 — Question 160 — Modesty 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether modesty is a part of temperance? Article 2 — Whether modesty is only about outward actions? Question 161 — Question 161 — Humility 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether humility is a virtue? Article 2 — Whether humility has to do with the appetite? Article 3 — Whether one ought, by humility, to subject oneself to all men? Article 4 — Whether humility is a part of modesty or temperance? Article 5 — Whether humility is the greatest of the virtues? Article 6 — Whether twelve degrees of humility are fittingly distinguished in the Rule of the blessed Benedict? Question 162 — Question 162 — Pride 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether pride is a sin? Article 2 — Whether pride is a special sin? Article 3 — Whether the subject of pride is the irascible faculty? Article 4 — Whether the four species of pride are fittingly assigned by Gregory? Article 5 — Whether pride is a mortal sin? Article 6 — Whether pride is the most grievous of sins? Article 7 — Whether pride is the first sin of all? Article 8 — Whether pride should be reckoned a capital vice? Question 163 — Question 163 — The First Man’s Sin 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether pride was the first man’s first sin? Article 2 — Whether the first man’s pride consisted in his coveting God’s likeness? Article 3 — Whether the sin of our first parents was more grievous than other sins? Article 4 — Whether Adam’s sin was more grievous than Eve’s? Question 164 — Question 164 — The Punishments of the First Man’s Sin 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether death is the punishment of our first parents’ sin? Article 2 — Whether the particular punishments of our first parents are suitably appointed in Scripture? Question 165 — Question 165 — Our First Parents’ Temptation 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it was fitting for man to be tempted by the devil? Article 2 — Whether the manner and order of the first temptation was fitting? Question 166 — Question 166 — Studiousness 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the proper matter of studiousness is knowledge? Article 2 — Whether studiousness is a part of temperance? Question 167 — Question 167 — Curiosity 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether curiosity can be about intellective knowledge? Article 2 — Whether the vice of curiosity is about sensitive knowledge? Question 168 — Question 168 — Modesty in the Outward Movements of the Body 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether any virtue regards the outward movements of the body? Article 2 — Whether there can be a virtue about games? Article 3 — Whether there can be sin in the excess of play? Article 4 — Whether there is a sin in lack of mirth? Question 169 — Question 169 — Modesty in the Outward Apparel 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there can be virtue and vice in connection with outward apparel? Article 2 — Whether the adornment of women is devoid of mortal sin? Question 170 — Question 170 — The Precepts of Temperance 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the precepts of temperance are suitably given in the divine law? Article 2 — Whether the precepts of the virtues annexed to temperance are suitably given in the divine law? Question 171 — Question 171 — Prophecy 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether prophecy pertains to knowledge? Article 2 — Whether prophecy is a habit? Article 3 — Whether prophecy is only about future contingencies? Article 4 — Whether by the divine revelation a prophet knows all that can be known prophetically? Article 5 — Whether the prophet always distinguishes what he says by his own spirit from what he says by the prophetic spirit? Article 6 — Whether things known or declared prophetically can be false? Question 172 — Question 172 — The Cause of Prophecy 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether prophecy can be natural? Article 2 — Whether prophetic revelation comes through the angels? Article 3 — Whether a natural disposition is requisite for prophecy? Article 4 — Whether a good life is requisite for prophecy? Article 5 — Whether any prophecy comes from the demons? Article 6 — Whether the prophets of the demons ever foretell the truth? Question 173 — Question 173 — The Manner of Prophetic Knowledge 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the prophets see the very essence of God? Article 2 — Whether, in prophetic revelation, new species of things are impressed on the prophet’s mind, or merely a new light? Article 3 — Whether the prophetic vision is always accompanied by abstraction from the senses? Article 4 — Whether prophets always know the things which they prophesy? Question 174 — Question 174 — The Division of Prophecy 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether prophecy is fittingly divided into the prophecy of divine predestination, of foreknowledge, and of denunciation? Article 2 — Whether the prophecy which is accompanied by intellective and imaginative vision is more excellent than that which is accompanied by intellective vision alone? Article 3 — Whether the degrees of prophecy can be distinguished according to the imaginary vision? Article 4 — Whether Moses was the greatest of the prophets? Article 5 — Whether there is a degree of prophecy in the blessed? Article 6 — Whether the degrees of prophecy change as time goes on? Question 175 — Question 175 — Rapture 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the soul of man is carried away to things divine? Article 2 — Whether rapture pertains to the cognitive rather than to the appetitive power? Article 3 — Whether Paul, when in rapture, saw the essence of God? Article 4 — Whether Paul, when in rapture, was withdrawn from his senses? Article 5 — Whether, while in this State, Paul’s soul was wholly separated from his body? Article 6 — Did Paul know whether his soul were separated from his body? Question 176 — Question 176 — The Grace of Tongues 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether those who received the gift of tongues spoke in every language? Article 2 — Whether the gift of tongues is more excellent than the grace of prophecy? Question 177 — Question 177 — The Gratuitous Grace Consisting in Words 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether any gratuitous grace attaches to words? Article 2 — Whether the grace of the word of wisdom and knowledge is becoming to women? Question 178 — Question 178 — The Grace of Miracles 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is a gratuitous grace of working miracles? Article 2 — Whether the wicked can work miracles? Question 179 — Question 179 — The Division of Life into Active and Contemplative 3 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether life is fittingly divided into active and contemplative? Article 2 — Whether life is adequately divided into active and contemplative? Question 180 — Question 180 — The Contemplative Life 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the contemplative life has nothing to do with the affections, and pertains wholly to the intellect? Article 2 — Whether the moral virtues pertain to the contemplative life? Article 3 — Whether there are various actions pertaining to the contemplative life? Article 4 — Whether the contemplative life consists only in the contemplation of God, or also in the consideration of any truth whatever? Article 5 — Whether in the present state of life the contemplative life can reach to the vision of the divine essence? Article 6 — Whether the operation of contemplation is fittingly divided into a threefold movement: circular, straight and oblique? Article 7 — Whether there is delight in contemplation? Article 8 — Whether the contemplative life is continuous? Question 181 — Question 181 — The Active Life 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether all the actions of the moral virtues pertain to the active life? Article 2 — Whether prudence pertains to the active life? Article 3 — Whether teaching is a work of the active or of the contemplative life? Article 4 — Whether the active life remains after this life? Question 182 — Question 182 — The Active Life in Comparison with the Contemplative Life 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the active life is more excellent than the contemplative? Article 2 — Whether the active life is of greater merit than the contemplative? Article 3 — Whether the contemplative life is hindered by the active life? Article 4 — Whether the active life precedes the contemplative? Question 183 — Question 183 — Man’s Various Duties and States in General 5 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the notion of a state denotes a condition of freedom or servitude? Article 2 — Whether there should be different duties or states in the Church? Article 3 — Whether duties differ according to their actions? Article 4 — Whether the difference of states applies to those who are beginning, progressing, or perfect? Question 184 — Question 184 — The State of Perfection in General 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether the perfection of the Christian life consists chiefly in charity? Article 2 — Whether any one can be perfect in this life? Article 3 — Whether, in this life, perfection consists in the observance of the commandments or of the counsels? Article 4 — Whether whoever is perfect is in the state of perfection? Article 5 — Whether religious and prelates are in the state of perfection? Article 6 — Whether all ecclesiastical prelates are in the state of perfection? Article 7 — Whether the religious state is more perfect than that of prelates? Article 8 — Whether parish priests and archdeacons are more perfect than religious? Question 185 — Question 185 — Things Pertaining to the Episcopal State 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful to desire the office of a bishop? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for a man to refuse absolutely an appointment to the episcopate? Article 3 — Whether he that is appointed to the episcopate ought to be better than others? Article 4 — Whether a bishop may lawfully forsake the episcopal cure, in order to enter religion? Article 5 — Whether it is lawful for a bishop on account of bodily persecution to abandon the flock committed to his care? Article 6 — Whether it is lawful for a bishop to have property of his own? Article 7 — Whether bishops sin mortally if they distribute not to the poor the ecclesiastical goods which accrue to them? Article 8 — Whether religious who are raised to the episcopate are bound to religious observances? Question 186 — Question 186 — Those Things in Which the Religious State Properly Consists 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether religion implies a state of perfection? Article 2 — Whether every religious is bound to keep all the counsels? Article 3 — Whether poverty is required for religious perfection? Article 4 — Whether perpetual continence is required for religious perfection? Article 5 — Whether obedience belongs to religious perfection? Article 6 — Whether it is requisite for religious perfection that poverty, continence, and obedience should come under a vow? Article 7 — Whether it is right to say that religious perfection consists in these three vows? Article 8 — Whether the vow of obedience is the chief of the three religious vows? Article 9 — Whether a religious sins mortally whenever he transgresses the things contained in his rule? Article 10 — Whether a religious sins more grievously than a secular by the same kind of sin? Question 187 — Question 187 — Those Things That are Competent to Religious 7 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether it is lawful for religious to teach, preach, and the like? Article 2 — Whether it is lawful for religious to occupy themselves with secular business? Article 3 — Whether religious are bound to manual labor? Article 4 — Whether it is lawful for religious to live on alms? Article 5 — Whether it is lawful for religious to beg? Article 6 — Whether it is lawful for religious to wear coarser clothes than others? Question 188 — Question 188 — The Different Kinds of Religious Life 9 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether there is only one religious order? Article 2 — Whether a religious order should be established for the works of the active life? Article 3 — Whether a religious order can be directed to soldiering? Article 4 — Whether a religious order can be established for preaching or hearing confessions? Article 5 — Whether a religious order should be established for the purpose of study? Article 6 — Whether a religious order devoted to the contemplative life is more excellent than one given to the active life? Article 7 — Whether religious perfection is diminished by possessing something in common? Article 8 — Whether the religious life of those who live in community is more perfect than that of those who lead a solitary life? Question 189 — Question 189 — The Entrance into Religious Life 11 chapters Prooemium Article 1 — Whether those who are not practiced in keeping the commandments should enter religion? Article 2 — Whether one ought to be bound by vow to enter religion? Article 3 — Whether one who is bound by a vow to enter religion is under an obligation of entering religion? Article 4 — Whether he who has vowed to enter religion is bound to remain in religion in perpetuity? Article 5 — Whether children should be received in religion? Article 6 — Whether one ought to be withdrawn from entering religion through deference to one’s parents? Article 7 — Whether parish priests may lawfully enter religion? Article 8 — Whether it is lawful to pass from one religious order to another? Article 9 — Whether one ought to induce others to enter religion? Article 10 — Whether it is praiseworthy to enter religion without taking counsel of many, and previously deliberating for a long time?
